Phase Formation and Microstructure of Titanium Oxides and Composites Produced by Thermal Plasma Oxidation of Titanium Carbide

The phase formation and microstructure of titanium oxides and composites produced by Ar–O₂ thermal plasma oxidation of titanium carbide powders were investigated in detail by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Relationships between the phase compositions and microstructures of the oxides were established by combined structural and phase analyses, in correlation with synthesis conditions and phase formation mechanisms. It is revealed that vapor condensation favored the formation of anatase, which existed as smaller particles, while liquid/solid oxidation favored the formation of rutile, which appeared as larger particles or composites. A higher oxygen input in the plasma gases (Ar + O₂) enhanced the formation of anatase due to impeded oxidation and evaporation. A small amount of Ti₄O₇ and Ti₃O₅ was detected in the larger particles coexisting with rutile or TiC. These suboxides were formed as intermediates in solid oxidation of TiC or precipitated from the Ti–C–O melt during cooling. Furthermore, extensive cracks, dislocations and stresses were observed in the monolithic rutile and composites, in association with the rapid quenching in this high-temperature in-flight oxidation process.     

Characterization of Precursor-Derived Silicon-Carbon-Nitrogen Ceramics after Creep Testing

Precursor-derived Si-C-N ceramics after creep testing in air were characterized using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD analysis showed that the crept Si-C-N ceramics were covered by an α-cristobalite layer. TEM observations revealed that the precipitated nanocrystallites in the crept Si-C-N ceramics were β-SiC. Between α-cristobalite and crept Si-C-N ceramic, there was an intermediate zone in which Si₂N₂O nanocrystallites were distributed homogeneously. Moreover, Si₂N₂O nanocrystallites were often found covering the surface of nanosized gas channels in the crept Si-C-N ceramics, where no α-cristobalite phase was detected. Based on these observations, a two-step oxidation mechanism of Si-C-N ceramics during creep testing in air was proposed.     

Sol-Gel Alumina Coating for Improved Cyclic Oxidation Resistance of Silicon Nitride

A 25 nm thick α-alumina layer was deposited on a turbine-grade silicon nitride by sol-gel dip coating and subsequent heat treatment in air at 1200°C. This layer had a nanometer grain structure. Silicon nitride protected by this thin layer showed a significant improvement in oxidation resistance over its uncoated counterpart after 200 cyclic exposures in air at 1250°C. The oxide layer grown on the coated silicon nitride also exhibited superior surface morphology, compared with the uncoated silicon nitride.     

超临界CO2萃取丁香花蕾的工艺研究及对萃取物的GC—MS分析

本文应用超临界二氧化碳技术 ,研究了丁香花蕾的最佳萃取工艺。结合温度、压力、堆积密度、CO2 流量等因素对丁香花蕾提取物的萃出率的影响 ,采用四因素三水平的正交设计 ,得出丁香花蕾油萃取的最佳工艺条件为 :压力30MPa ,温度 4 5℃ ,CO2 流量 10L/h ,低堆积密度。作者还对萃取出的丁香花蕾油进行了GC—MS成分分析     

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Rutile TiO_2 and Potassium Hexatitanate (K_3Ti_6O_(13)) Crystal

This paper presents the results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation on the rutile titanium dioxide and potassium hexatitanate (K2O.6TiO2 or K2Ti6O13) crystal. The interaction of atoms is described by two-body central force interatomic potential, which includes Coulombic term, Gilbert-type repulsion term, van der Waals term and Morse-type potential. The optimized crystal structure of rutile TiO2 is in very good agreement with the experimental data in the literature. The present MD simulation also gives several physical properties, including volume thermal expansivity and elastic bulk modulus.     

水泥窑协同处置二氧化硫排放超标原因及管控

利用水泥窑协同处置固废技术正在国内逐步推广，然而协同处置固废后，部分气态污染物排放指标会发生变化。部分水泥窑在协同处置固废后，窑尾烟囱二氧化硫出现偏高的工况。本文对硫的来源、硫的各种化合物的理化性质、硫在水泥窑系统内释放和转化方式、生产管控方法等做了分析和阐述，归纳了二氧化硫排放超标的原因及管控方法，为解决二氧化硫排放超标问题提供了基础。     

Synthesis and rapid expansion in supercritical carbon dioxide through porous sintered metal plate of poly(1,1,2,2‐tetrahydroperfluorodecyl acrylate)

Poly(1,1,2,2‐tetrahydroperfluorodecyl acrylate) [poly(TA‐N)] was synthesized in dry benzene using AIBN as an initiator at 60°C. The effects of the monomer concentration (C_m), initiator concentration (C_i), and reaction time on the polymerization were investigated. The results of DSC and TGA showed that when the C_i remains constant, the higher the C_m value is, the better the thermal character for the product in the range of experiments. When the reaction was conducted for 30 h, polymerization is almost completed. The C_i should remain lower than 0.25 g/100 g monomer when the C_m is lower than 15 g/L. When the C_m is higher than 15 g/L, the C_i should be increased slightly. When the C_m remains constant, it was observed that an increase in the C_i increases the yield (mass of polymer after reaction/mass of monomer before reaction). On the other hand, the melting (T_m) and decomposition (T_d) temperatures of the reaction product decrease, except when the C_m reaches 20 g/L and the reaction time is 30 h. High purity CO₂ was continuously pumped using a high pressure syringe pump. Rapid expansion of poly(TA‐N) in supercritical CO₂ happened under control through a porous sintered metal plate. The poly(TA‐N) morphology was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope. An amorphous polymer was formed at a preexpansion temperature of 45°C. Fibers were formed at temperatures of around 60–80°C. An increase of the temperature slightly increases the particle size. At 105°C, most of the particles are spheres and dendrites. The corresponding CO₂ flow rate upon expansion was 2.5–5.0 ± 0.3 L/min (STP) and the pressure drop was 2 MPa. At the higher CO₂ flow rate, the spheres and dendrites became smaller. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 2763–2768, 2003     

铜渣复合硅锰水淬渣后的改质提铁研究

铜材等金属材料在生产过程中产生的大量水渣、干渣等冶金渣,其综合利用水平较低,成为冶金业高质量绿色发展亟须解决的难点。为有效回收铜渣中的铁元素,将工业铜渣与硅锰水淬渣混合后按一定比例添加氧化钙及氧化锰进行成分改质,利用FactSage对混合渣料中矿物相随温度的变化趋势进行了预测,借助XRD对改质前后渣料中的矿物相变化进行了对比,通过SEM和EDS对改质后混合渣料中主要矿物相的形态、分布和特征进行了表征。实验结果表明：改质后混合渣料中的矿物相以尖晶石相和硅酸盐相为主;碱度提高后,改质样品中的硅酸盐相增多但尖晶石相减少;混合渣料的碱度为1.5时改质效果最好,其铁品位为44%（质量分数）、铁回收率为95%。     

氟化铝生产副产物-硅渣酸化过程及其动力学

为解决实际生产中氟化铝生产残渣(简称硅渣)难利用问题,以云南某地硅渣为研究对象,以浓硫酸为酸化浸出介质,以浸出率为指标,以单因素实验为基础,研究了酸化过程中酸用量、反应温度、反应时间的影响。结果表明,最佳酸化条件为：加入理论酸用量(23.66 g) 1.3倍的浓硫酸,反应温度170℃,反应时间90 min,该条件下SiO₂的纯度迅速提升至大于99.00%,Al浸出率大于99%,F浸出率大于97%;该反应为液-固多相反应中的收缩未反应核模型,反应活化能为62.97 kJ/mol,浸出过程由化学反应控制。该方法的提出对硅渣的利用提供了一种新思路,具有反应时间短、耗水少、酸化后有价元素浸出率高的优点。     

PEG/GO/TiO2纳米复合材料改性PVDF膜的制备及其抗污性能

为改善聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜的抗污性能,以聚乙二醇2000接枝的GO/TiO₂(PEG/GO/TiO₂)纳米复合材料为添加剂,通过非溶剂诱导沉淀相分离法制备了一系列PEG/GO/TiO₂/PVDF复合超滤膜。采用FTIR、SEM和接触角测试仪对其结构和形貌进行了表征,采用超滤法评价其纯水通量和抗污性能。结果表明,当PEG/GO/TiO₂纳米复合材料质量分数为0.60%时,制备的PEG/GO/TiO₂/PVDF复合超滤膜(记为0.60%PEG/GO/TiO₂/PVDF)表现出最佳的亲水性和抗污性能,其接触角比PVDF膜下降8.2°,总孔隙率增加13.40%,PEG/GO/TiO₂纳米复合材料在PVDF膜中分散较均匀。在0.08 MPa的工作压力下,0.60%PEG/GO/TiO₂/PVDF的纯水通量高达282.44 L/(m²·h),对腐植酸溶液的过滤通量为131.96 L/(m^2...