Development of design principles for a creep-limited alloy for turbine blades

Recent advancements in turbine-blade materials engineering are reviewed in light of general superalloy research and the author’s work on a new powder metallurgy IN-792 creep-limited alloy for application in blades of gas-turbine engines. The developed set of principles presented in this paper incorporates all the factors that must be taken into consideration in selecting and designing an alloy for turbine blades.     

湿法冶金制备的Ag—Pd合金粉末的固溶合金化研究

根据Ｘ射线衍射原理，建立湿法冶金固溶合金粉末的定量测定方法，可用于电子浆料合金粉末的检测，相对误差在±０．０１２５。     

Research on graphite powders used for HTR-PM fuel elements

Different batches of natural graphite powders and electrographite powders were characterized by impurity, degree of graphitization, particle size distribution, specific surface area, and shape characteristics. The graphite balls consist of proper mix-ratio of natural graphite, electrographite and phenolic resin were manufactured and characterized by thermal conductivity, anisotropy of thermal expansion, crush strength, and drop strength. Results show that some types of graphite powders possess very high purity, degree of graphitization, and sound size distribution and apparent density, which can serve for matrix graphite of HTR-PM. The graphite balls manufactured with reasonable mix-ratio of graphite powders and process method show very good properties. It is indicated that the properties of graphite balls can meet the design criterion of HTR-PM. We can provide a powerful candidate material for the future manufacture of HTR-PM fuel elements.     

铜金粉的颜色及其影响因素

利用分光光度计对国内外铜金粉的颜色进行了测试，研究了铜金粉的成分、微观状态对颜色的影响。结果表明：铜金粉颜色可以用色彩三要素进行描述，其中铜金粉的色相只与合金成分有关，而与铜金粉片的大小、形状及粒度分布无关；明度和纯度与铜金粉片在油墨层中定向排列状态、片的大小、形状及粒度分布有关，而与成分无关；合金成分的微小波动不会引起铜金粉色相的明显改变。     

碾压混凝土中石粉含量精确控制研究与应用

通过在碾压混凝土中掺入工业化粉磨加工的石粉代替部分砂,使砂中石粉总含量满足碾压混凝土的要求,从而改善碾压混凝土的性能,保证其质量.从不同石粉含量的碾压棍凝土试验研究结果分析,以及金安桥水电站大坝碾压混凝土施工质量控制结果分析可知,混凝土生产时必须对外掺石粉量进行精确控制,确保掺入代砂石粉后石粉总量不变,才能确保碾压混凝土的质量稳定.     

基于纳米银修饰电极的电位型铬（Ⅵ）传感器研究

纳米银修饰过的石墨电极在铬酸盐溶液中活化处理后,可制成一种新型的电位型铬传感器。将该传感器用于铬（Ⅵ）的测定,实验结果表明：此传感器对铬（Ⅵ）具有灵敏的电位响应,其线性范围较宽,为1．0×10^-7～1．0×10^-2mol·L^-1,检出限为4×10^-8mol·L^-1。应用于水样中铬（Ⅵ）的测定,结果符合分析要求。     

浅谈苗族银饰的分类及艺术内涵

银饰是我国西南少数民族酷爱的一种装饰佩戴品。在几千年的演变中,银饰都已经成为西南少数民族生活中不可缺少的一部分。苗族作为西南少数民族中的一支,由于其独特的文化、生产生活方式、地理环境、风俗习惯、图腾崇拜、宗教信仰以及艺术传统,形成了形式多样、内容丰富的银饰艺术。本文将从苗族银饰的分类,以及苗族银饰的形式和文化内涵等方面,对苗族银饰艺术进行探讨。     

Mechanical activation-assisted electro-thermal explosion synthesis of the Ti2AlC phase

This study deals with the synthesis of the Ti₂AlC phase using the Electro-Thermal Explosion under Pressure with Confinement (ETEPC) technique. The effects of the ETEPC technique and the milling process parameters on the TiC_x phase content and the formation mechanism of the Ti₂AlC phase were investigated. The latter is mainly affected by the morphology of the powder mixture and aluminum melted amount. The optimization of the above parameters allowed the achievement of the desired reaction, leading to the formation of the Ti₂AlC phase with a purity of about 97?wt%. The results clearly demonstrate that the ETEPC process enables one to control both time and material synthesis temperature.     

Recent progress in continuous and semi-continuous processing of solid oral dosage forms: a review

Context: Continuous processing is an innovative production concept well known and successfully used in other industries for many years. The modern pharmaceutical industry is facing the challenge of transition from a traditional manufacturing approach based on batch-wise production to a continuous manufacturing model.

Objective: The aim of this article is to present technological progress in manufacturing based on continuous and semi-continuous processing of the solid oral dosage forms.

Methods: Single unit processes possessing an alternative processing pathway to batch-wise technology or, with some modification, an altered approach that may run continuously, and are thus able to seamlessly switch to continuous manufacturing are briefly presented. Furthermore, the concept of semi-continuous processing is discussed. Subsequently, more sophisticated production systems created by coupling single unit processes and comprising all the steps of production, from powder to final dosage form, were reviewed. Finally, attempts of end-to-end production approach, meaning the linking of continuous synthesis of API from intermediates with the production of final dosage form, are described.

Results: There are a growing number of scientific articles showing an increasing interest in changing the approach to the production of pharmaceuticals in recent years. Numerous scientific publications are a source of information on the progress of knowledge and achievements of continuous processing. These works often deal with issues of how to modify or replace the unit processes in order to enable seamlessly switching them into continuous processing. A growing number of research papers concentrate on integrated continuous manufacturing lines in which the production concept of “from powder to tablet” is realized. Four main domains are under investigation: influence of process parameters on intermediates or final dosage forms properties, implementation of process analytical tools, control-managing system responsible for keeping continuous materials flow through the whole manufacturing process and the development of new computational methods to assess or simulate these new manufacturing techniques. The attempt to connect the primary and secondary production steps proves that development of continuously operating lines is possible.

Conclusion: A mind-set change is needed to be able to face, and fully assess, the advantages and disadvantages of switching from batch to continuous mode production.