八钢5号高炉使用冶金三级焦冶炼生产实践

通过八钢5号高炉使用冶金三级焦冶炼,对高炉操作制度及关键操作参数的选择,以及近三个月生产实践,指出八钢5号无料钟高炉在大量使用冶金三级焦的条件下,采用适当的装料制度,合适的炉温、炉渣碱度控制,强化炉外管理,高炉也能达到改善技术经济指标,长期稳定和顺行,降低吨铁成本的目的。     

The power of the situation: The impact of Milgram's obedience studies on personality and social psychology.

Few psychological studies, if any, can claim a legacy as imposing as the obedience studies of Stanley Milgram. Their impact was of notable consequence in the separate spheres of research ethics, research design, and theory in psychology, and they changed the ways that psychologists conceptualize and conduct their research. The authors discuss the legacy of these studies, especially as they effected dramatic changes in the fields of personality and social psychology. The article concludes with a discussion of what psychological science has lost in the aftermath of Milgram--high impact studies--and the salience that such research has in illuminating the most significant problems of our society, studies that could produce great human benefits. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Technology Assessment in Social Context: The case for a new framework for assessing and shaping technological developments

Traditional expert (or technocratic) approaches to Technology Assessment have been fundamentally challenged by two observations. The first is that social impacts are not side effects of technology; they are core dimensions of new technology and technological development, and are a function of the coproduction of technology and society. As such, they can only be understood in social, not technical terms. Secondly, technological developments are driven by particular visions for society that are normative. Because these visions (and the latent premises that underpin them) are implicit and not negotiated by society, they are, in effect, undemocratic. Participatory methods have been utilized by Technology Assessment to improve the evaluation of the social and ethical dimensions of technology, and to democratize decision making about science and technology. However, we argue that public participation on its own does not necessarily lead to deeper understandings of social effects, nor necessarily to democratic input into decision making. We therefore make a case for a new form of Technology Assessment which we call TASC — Technology Assessment in Social Context. It takes a constructive, social systems approach to assess technology in social context and seeks to shape technology and social contexts through information, interaction and dialogue.     

一类五阶Korteweg-de-Vries方程的惟一连续性

惟一连续性是可积系统的重要性质之一,而初值问题解的性质与初值的光滑性密切相关.本文主要讨论了一类五阶KdV方程初值问题解的惟一连续性,证明了该初值问题的足够光滑的解,如果在一个非退化的时间区间内具有紧支集,那么该解恒为零.     

UNIQUENESS CONDITIONS OF CL-STRUCTURES IN GL-STRUCTURE EQUIVALENCE CLASSES OF SYSTEM RECONSTRUCTABILITY ANALYSIS

This paper first introduces the basic notions of overall systems with logical relations, their subsystems, structure representation graphs, sets of H-structures and G-structures with logical relations S _H ^L and S _G ^L, immediate refinement and aggregate with logical relations, structure-graph mappings r_V ^L, r_G ^L, etc., and the notions of inclusiveness with logical relations, upper bounding and lower bounding with logical relations. Then it proves the sufficient conditions under which representation graphs R ^L form a lattice. By defining the least upper bound and largest lower bound of (R^L, ) and recommending a lemma on distributivity, this paper proves the sufficient conditions under which G-structures with logical relations form Boolean lattices. Finally after defining the M-structures and C-structures with logical relations, i.e. M-structures and C-structures, this paper proposes the sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of C-structures in G-structure equivalence classes, and proves that the C ^L-structure is the least refined GL-structure in equivalence class S _G ^L/r _G ^L.     

SYSTEM TRANSFORMATIONS AND ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS

The purpose of this paper is to formulate the concept of system transformation and the concept of adaptive system in the framework of general systems theory, and to characterize both concepts as well as mutual relationships between them from a qualitative viewpoint.

We define a system transformation as a mapping on the class of all systems under consideration in a general and unified manner, and especially consider the variety of system behavior under parallel, cascade, and feedback transformation for linear functional time systems. We introduce the notion of open system in terms of system transformation. We then formulate class controllability and adaptability of an open system under system transformation, and characterize them in terms of basic system properties. In particular, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition under which an open system is adaptive.     

Book reviews

Seasonality and seasons of Estonian landscapes are analysed using selected natural and social indicators of urban and rural landscapes. Seasonality has a great influence on the ecological and visual features of landscapes; seasonal variability is especially great in temperate climate zones where relatively cold winters alternate with warm summers. The indicators that are suitable for describing the seasonality of landscapes are natural parameters such as air temperature, radiation regime, climatic seasons and snow cover, and social parameters of birthdays, alcohol consumption and state budget allocations. Because of the great seasonal differences in natural and socio-economic conditions, the differences between urban and rural landscapes having different seasonal rhythms are focused upon. One of the main differences is the change in lifestyle which is detected in the change in the seasonal variability of births. Seasonal differences between urban and rural landscapes are also confirmed by parameters of changing climate and some social indicators. The developing information society creates new jobs and a lifestyle that has its own seasonal rhythm. Periods of active work and social activity accumulate towards the deadlines preceding the Christmas and the summer period of vacations. A project-oriented information society has more flexibility to enjoy nature in rural landscapes during different seasons.     

Introducing young dairy goats into the adult herd after parturition reduces social stress

The aim of this experiment was to compare social stress, as measured by social behavior and adrenocortical activity, in young dairy goats during the first week after introduction into a herd of adult goats either during the dry period of the herd (i.e., all goats in the herd being pregnant or dry: PD) or shortly after parturition (i.e., all animals lactating or with their kids: LK). Thirty-two young goats that had had no contact with adult goats from the age of 7 wk were introduced into adult goat groups. Adult goats were kept in 2 groups of 36 animals each. Young goats were introduced (in groups of 4 animals each) into each of these 2 groups either during the PD period (2 repetitions) or during LK (2 repetitions); goats with different rearing experience were balanced over introduction periods. Young goats were more often receivers of agonistic social interactions when introduced during PD than during LK. Irrespective of the period of introduction, young goats had other young goats as neighbors more frequently than expected by chance alone, although this was even more distinct during PD. Cortisol metabolite levels increased markedly from baseline during PD, but not after parturition. Rearing showed an effect only on the nearest neighbors, with mother-reared young goats staying closer together. Our results indicate that young goats experience less social stress when being introduced into a herd of adult dairy goats shortly after parturition and with kids still present rather than during the dry period. Whether this effect is due to the period and lactational stage itself or to the presence of kids needs to be tested in future studies.     

Impulsivity as a mediating mechanism between early-life adversity and addiction: Theoretical comment on Lovic et al. (2011).

Early-life adversity, impulsivity, and dopaminergic function have all been implicated in adult drug addiction. The article by Lovic, Keen, Fletcher, and Fleming in this issue further elucidates this relationship by demonstrating that early-life adversity can increase impulsivity and decrease behavioral flexibility in adulthood. Recent literature suggests that these results are likely due to structural and functional changes in regions such as the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc), as well as altered dopamine activity. Impulsivity and behavioral inflexibility can increase susceptibility to addiction, and in turn, chronic substance abuse can impair the neurocircuitry underlying behavioral inhibition. Thus, early-life adversity may act as an entry point into a feed-forward spiral of impulsivity and addiction via the dysfunction of regions such as the OFC, NAc, and mesolimbic dopamine. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Predicting the scale of information diffusion in social network services

Predicting the scale of information diffusion is an important task for many social network services (SNS) operators and enterprises. In this paper, the authors investigate the effects of two types of indicators, user attributes and social network attributes, and study on the accuracy of predicting the scale of information diffusion, and how to select an appropriate model that can fit real data better and have a higher accuracy. The experimental results show that both user attributes and social network structure attributes have significant effects on the scale of information diffusion. At the same time, three data mining models are constructed in this paper to predict the scale of information diffusion and compare their prediction accuracy. It is found that neural network model performs much better than decision tree and linear regression do.