装备训练内容模块化体系研究

在对装备训练问题系统分析的基础上，重点针对内容体系不完善问题运用模块化思想整合了装备训练内容，构建了装备训练内容模块化体系，研究了装备训练内容模块化体系与装备训练岗位的对应关系。为装备训练实践提供了理论依据，对提高装备训练的针对性和时效性具有重要意义。     

老化对丁羟推进剂燃速性能影响的试验研究

试验研究了贮存老化对HTPB复合固体推进剂燃速性能影响。分别采用自然老化和加速老化的试验方法,对HTPB推进剂在贮存过程中燃速的变化规律进行了对照分析。自然老化采用库房中贮存的方坯,加速老化采用热加速老化方法,燃速测定为水下声发射方法。试验结果表明,HTPB推进剂在贮存过程中燃速有随时间下降趋势,但变化不明显。自然老化与加速老化结论比较一致,具有可比性,这初步表明加速老化试验可以用于推算HTPB推进剂的燃速老化性能,所获得结论可以为固体火箭发动机进一步寿命评估作参考。分析了老化过程引起燃速性能变化的2种机理:化学老化引起的推进剂组分分解和物理老化引起的裂纹和空洞。前者使燃速产生减小的趋势,后者使燃速有增加的趋势,但总体而言,化学老化是主要的,老化的长期效应是燃速略有减小。     

用热失重法确定水合粘土水分含量及存在形式

以蒙脱土为例,采用热失重法定性定量确定了水合粘土中结合水类型、界限及其相对含量,并与等温吸附法结果进行了对比.结果表明,用该方法得到的水合蒙脱土中各种水分的相对含量及总含水量与等温吸附实验结果相一致.热失重(25～250℃)分析结果表明,水合蒙脱土中水分子主要存在自由水、松散吸附结合水、紧密吸附水(强吸附结合水)三种状态,分别对应于25～75℃、75～120℃、120～230℃区间里的失水.从热失重(25～250℃)规律来看,仍存在两个明显的转折点p/ps=0.9、0.98,它们为粘土-水体系的两个特征湿度,前者为粘土表面强结合水与松散结合水(渗透结合水)之间的界限,后者为松散结合水与自由水之间的界限,验证了等温吸附法确定的两个特征湿度及对粘土表面结合水界限划分的正确性.     

Mechanochemically assisted room temperature solid state metathesis reaction for the synthesis of MMoO4 (M = Ca, Sr and Ba)

This communication reports a novel mechanochemically assisted room temperature solid state metathesis reaction for the synthesis of submicron-size alkaline-earth molybdates crystallizing in a tetragonal Scheelite structure. The solids were characterized by powder XRD, FTIR, TGA, DTA, SEM, EDAX and TEM to ascertain their composition, phase homogeneity and morphology.     

Thermophysical Analysis of Sandstone by Pulse Transient Method

Stones belong to porous materials where water in pores plays an important role during the freeze–thaw process. A thermophysical analysis based on the pulse transient method has been used to study an ageing cycle, namely the freeze–thaw cycle. Thermophysical analysis is based on measuring the thermophysical properties under specific thermodynamic conditions. The transient method determines the specific heat, thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity by a single measurement. A specimen of Sander sandstone was analyzed in both dry and water-saturated states. Typical anomalies of all thermophysical parameters at the freeze–thaw point as well as differences for the dry and saturated states were found. The changes of thermophysical parameters measured when using freeze–thaw cycles correspond to stone ageing. The freeze–thaw cycle can often be encountered in building physics, concrete construction, etcPaper presented at the Seventh Asian Thermophysical Properties Conference, August 23–28, 2004, Hefei and Huangshan, Anhui, P. R. China.     

Effect of residual stresses on interface crack growth by void expansion mechanism

Crack growth along an interface between two adjacent elastic–plastic materials in a layered solid is analysed, using special interface elements to represent the fracture process ahead of the crack-tip. These interface elements account for ductile failure by the nucleation and growth of voids to coalescence. In these elements the stress components normal to the interface and the shear stresses are given by equilibrium with the surrounding material, and the stress component tangential to the interface is determined by the requirement of compatibility with the surrounding material in the tangential direction. It is assumed that the layers are sufficiently thick, so that the plastic regions around the crack-tip are much smaller than the thickness of the nearest layers. The analyses focus on the effect of initial residual stresses in the layered material, or on T-stress components induced during loading. The results show that the value of the T-stress component in the softer material adjacent to the interface crack plays the dominant role, such that a negative value of this stress component gives a significant increase of the interface fracture toughness.     

低热固相反应在材料合成中的应用

介绍了低热固相反应机制的研究进展、反应特点及影响低热固相反应的一些因素。重点阐述了低热固相反应在纳米材料、有机合成、电池材料、气敏材料以及其它一些功能材料中的应用。阐明低热固相反应确实是新型材料制备的一种简便、有效并有光明前景的方法。     

分子筛吸附器进水故障及其处理过程

KDONAr-10000／22000／370型空分设备因空冷塔液位计失效而发生分子筛吸附器进水故障。介绍了故障发生的经过和处理过程；最后得出了发现及处理分子筛吸附器进水故障的经验和教训。     

新型中压固态切换开关的研究

固态切换开关(SSTS)利用大功率电力电子技术和基于微处理器、光纤通信和数字信号处理的测控技术,是解决敏感和关键负荷电力供应最经济有效的手段之一。该文在了解和对比国外SSTS技术和产品的基础上,提出了基于晶闸管和高速机械开关技术的设计方案。这种混合式开关结合了机械开关和电力电子开关各自的优点。正常情况下线路电流通过机械开关,晶闸管只是在切换期间才投入运行。这种混合式开关几乎具有和机械开关一样的效率,具有很好的工业应用前景。该文建立了机械开关和晶闸管换流过程的数学模型,分析了影响换流时间的因素。采用PSCAD／EMTDC软件建立了SSTS仿真模型,对整个切换过程进行了理论分析和仿真研究。最后介绍了SSTS工程样机的研制。仿真和试验结果验证了主电路和控制系统方案的可行性。     

半固态ZA27合金电磁搅拌工艺及其组织和性能的研究

采用电磁搅拌装置制备ZA27合金半固态浆料，研究不同搅拌参数对非枝晶组织和性能的影响。结果表明：搅拌电流越大，晶粒越细小致密，搅拌时间短不足以打碎、圆整ZA27凝同时的先结晶组织，搅拌时间长，先结晶相易发生聚集长大，导致力学性能下降。搅拌时间10min左右，ZA27合金的组织和性能较佳。