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121.
The strength of case-hardened parts under cyclic loading can be determined in an experimental manner, but this can produce
a large amount of costs due to the expenditure of material and testing time. Therefore, a calculation method is developed,
that strongly reduces the number of experiments. The presented model is based on Weibull's weakest-link concept and allows
to compute the survival probability of a case-hardened part which is loaded close to the fatigue limit. The essential quantities
in this model are the distribution of Vicker's hardness of the material, the exponents of the Weibull distribution of the
volume and the surface, the residual stress state, the surface roughness and the surface oxidation depth. By integrating the
survival probabilities of the surface and the volume, the survival probability of the entire specimen or part can be calculated,
which allows to compute the fatigue limit. The necessary parameters have to be determined from reference specimens. The model
is successfully examined by comparing experimental and calculated results of smooth and notched case-hardened specimens under
alternating torsion, rotating bending, repeated tension and tension-compression.
Received 20 August 2001 / Accepted 11 November 2001 相似文献
122.
影响塑料模压制件内应力的因素分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
主要讨论了造成塑料模压制件内应力的主要因素,包括制件造型设计不合理、模具设计不合理、成型工艺条件不正确等,并针对不同情况给出了相应的解决办法 相似文献
123.
124.
125.
国有股减持、政府隐性担保与投资者行为 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
国有股减持导致股票市场的大幅下跌,其咎不在以市场价减持国有股的减持方案.政府对股票市场的隐性担保造成投资者对市场走势的某种“理性的”稳定预期和信念.在此基础之上,政府和投资者塑造各自的心理和行为模式、国有股减持的信号含义就是政府要解除对市场的隐性担保.这个信号引发投资者固有的预期模式和行为模式的转变以及股票市场的信心危机。进而导致股票市场的“非理性反应”—市场以大幅下跌拒绝政府国有股减持和解除担保关系的行为、政府被迫停止国有股减持行为,但停止国有股减持并没有阻止股市的持续下跌,因为减持虽然停止,自减持发出的解除隐性担保的信号仍然有效。 相似文献
126.
在介绍推进波作用下底泥起动特点的基础上,将上层水体作为粘性流体,底泥作为粘弹性体,推导了推进波作用下泥床面剪应力的表达式,并根据试验结果,给出了推进波作用下底泥起动时的床面剪应力与底泥流变参数的关系。 相似文献
127.
M. Kovac 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》1994,3(1):61-64
This article discusses residual stress measurements by means of electrochemical removal of material layers with residual stresses
and simultaneous measurement of strain on the opposite specimen side with strain gages. Exact measurements are impossible
particularly because of the small bevel gear module. With the method presented, the average residual stresses in the tooth
root plane and underlying layers are measured. Residual stress distribution after each consecutive production phase is plotted
and analyzed. Residual stress measurements enable the engineer to adequately assess each individual production phase and by
that improve the quality of the complete production process. 相似文献
128.
Quantitative x-ray diffraction topography techniques have been used to measure the residual strain magnitude and uniformity
of deposition for Mo and W sputtered films on Si(100) substrates. High sensitivity rocking curve measurements were able to
determine differential strains for films as thin as 2.5 nm; while Bragg angle contour mapping had similar sensitivity and
was also able to assess coating uniformity and stress distribution over areas covering a whole wafer. Measurements of strain
versus film thickness over a range of 2.5 nm to 80 nm showed that a critical thickness exists for maximum residual strain.
Growth beyond this range produces stress relaxation. This non-destructive type of analysis could be employed on a wide range
of film-substrate combinations. 相似文献
129.
Takakazu Yamamoto Kouichi ShiraishiMahmut Abla Isao YamaguchiL.“Bert” Groenendaal 《Polymer》2002,43(3):711-719
Neutral and non-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), PEDOTh(Ni), and its hexyl derivative, PEDOTh-C6(Ni), have been prepared by organometallic dehalogenation polycondensation of 2,5-dichloro-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and its hexyl derivative with a zerovalent nickel complex. PEDOTh-C6(Ni) was soluble in organic solvents and 1H NMR data indicated that it had an Mn of 11,000. MALDI-TOF mass analysis of PEDOTh(Ni) gave Mn and Mw of about 1700 and 2400, respectively. PEDOTh-C6(Ni) showed a UV-Vis absorption peak at 546 nm in CHCl3. Electrochemical oxidation of PEDOTh-C6(Ni) started at about −0.40 V vs Ag+/Ag and gave a peak at 0.20 V vs Ag+/Ag. Chemical and electrochemical oxidation (or p-doping) of PEDOTh-C6(Ni), both in solutions and in a solid state, led to weakening of the original π-π∗ peaks and rise of new peak(s) in a region of 800-1500 nm. The p-doping of PEDOTh-C6(Ni) caused not only a decrease in the intensity of 1H NMR signals of the bridging ethylene hydrogens but also a decrease in that of the hexyl side chain, suggesting a strong interaction of the p-dopant with the side chain. NMR data of poly(3-methoxythiophene-2,5-diyl) also supported an assumption that p-doping brings about a severe change in electronic state of the substituent attached to the polythiophene main chain. PEDOTh(Ni) had a density of 1.71 g cm−3; the molecular packing mode of PEDOTh(Ni) is discussed based on the density of the polymer and its XRD data. 相似文献
130.
Johan M. Thevelein 《Yeast (Chichester, England)》1994,10(13):1753-1790