Enhanced assessment of ageing phenomena in steel structures based on materials data and non‐destructive testing

The increasing amount of ageing civil steel infrastructure requests an enhanced assessment of this infrastructure in terms of determining its residual fatigue life in a more realistic way than this has been done in the past. Often the relevant materials data for cyclic loading of such an ageing infrastructure is not available and its retrieval turns out to be relatively cumbersome bearing the urgency in data availability and continuous cost pressure in mind. This article addresses different approaches and techniques on how materials data for cyclic loading can be obtained at a fraction of the effort compared to state‐of‐the‐art techniques, considering load increase tests, non‐destructive testing techniques and finally even a stepped bar specimen allowing a complete set of materials data (stress‐strain behaviour and stress‐ and strain‐life curve) to be obtained with a single specimen in the end only. Options for ’digitizing’ materials data evaluation are discussed and some prospect on application of those novel approaches and techniques in damage accumulation assessments on real steel infrastructure is provided.     

AZ31镁合金室温拉伸微观变形机制EBSD原位跟踪研究

利用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术,原位跟踪AZ31镁合金轧制板材室温下沿轧向拉伸时的晶粒取向变化。对变形过程的滑移系和孪晶启动机进行分析。结果表明:变形过程主要由〈a〉基面和柱面滑移系开动而实现,晶粒取向无明显变化,大量〈a〉位错滑移的产生,使得变形后小角度晶界增加明显。晶粒中拉伸孪晶是试样在拉伸变形过程中产生的,而非在试样拉伸后的卸载过程中产生。     

不同滑滚比下轮轨材料损伤行为

在MMS-2A滚滑试验机上采用法向载荷120N(模拟轴重16t),转速500r/min,研究京沪高速铁路用钢轨U71MnK和车轮ER8配副在不同滑滚比下的材料损伤行为。利用SEM,EDX对不同滑滚比下的磨痕及剖面形貌和磨损表面元素进行分析。结果表明:不同滑滚比下摩擦因数变化趋势反映材料损伤的过程;轮轨材料的硬化程度随滑滚比增加而增加;不同滑滚比条件下的损伤机制不同:在近似滚动条件下,轮轨材料损伤较轻,主要为氧化磨损和局部剥落。随着滑滚比增加,轮轨材料损伤逐渐发展为疲劳磨损为主,并伴随氧化磨损和磨粒磨损,且磨粒磨损程度随滑滚比的增加而增加。     

Proposal for the simplified design of basement walls under lateral earth pressure

This paper deals with the design of basement walls subjected to lateral earth pressure. The current simplified calculation method according to DIN EN 1996‐3/NA only covers active earth pressure, which is the lower limiting value of the earth pressure. Designing according to DIN EN 1996‐1‐1/NA, higher coefficients of earth pressure (like earth pressure at rest) can be considered, with an additional verification of the shear resistance being necessary. This paper presents a theoretical model, which forms the basis for an analytical derivation of the loadbearing capacity, and explains the required minimum values of the acting normal force to ensure sufficient resistance to cover bending and shear. Based on these results, a simplified equation is proposed for the determination of the required minimum normal force, based on the design according to DIN EN 1996‐3/NA and providing identical values in case of an earth pressure coefficient of 1/3. The required minimum load resulting from this approach fulfils the described requirement to cover bending and shear. The presented solution is verified and the conditions for application are defined. Finally, the minimum required normal forces are evaluated and tabulated for common cases relevant to building practice.     

基于Matlab的光伏阵列数学模型的研究

通过对单体光伏电池的物理模型的研究,给出了易于求解、便于仿真的光伏阵列的数学模型,该模型可以计算在任一环境温度、太阳辐射强度下光伏电池的I-V特性;以该模型为基础,在工程误差允许的范围内,给出了可行的最大功率点的计算公式。Matlab仿真结果表明,光伏阵列的输出特性随温度和光强的变化而变化,并且光伏阵列I-V和P-V特性呈非线性;在不同光强和温度下,光伏阵列最大功率点不同,它能较好地反应光伏阵列的实际特性。     

MF-TDMA信道分配研究

MF-TDMA因其灵活的分配策略和信道利用率在通信系统中广泛使用。由于信道资源有限性以及用户需求的多变性,使得如何将有限的信道最大的利用以便为更多的用户服务成为MF-TDMA的关键问题。针对这一问题,文章首先对MF-TDMA信道结构进行处理,将MF-TDMA的信道分配问题转为二维装箱问题。然后,针对该问题的常规算法FFA进行改进,提出了基于最小资源浪费率的FFA贪心算法（IFFA）。最后,对给出的结果进行了简单的验证。     

改进Dijkstra算法在PGIS中的应用

传统Dijkstra算法用于路径诱导会使路网节点的数量增多、搜索范围扩大,从而耗费大量时间和空间,降低停车诱导信息系统(PGIS)的运行效率和实时性。针对城市路网的特定环境和路径诱导需求,根据2点之间直线最短的原理,在Dijkstra算法的基础上,提出一种应用于PGIS、基于矩形搜索范围的改进Dijkstra算法,设计并实现城市路网模型中单行、禁行、交叉点时间延误等问题的解决方案。实验结果表明,改进Dijkstra算法可以减少路网节点搜索范围和计算复杂度,提高用户搜索路径的实时性。     

基于OpenGVS半潜船操作模拟器视景系统的研究

为了满足半潜船作业人员学习和培训的需要,有必要在航海模拟器大环境下研发半潜船操作模拟器仿真系统。以船舶静力学为基础,实现了半潜船装载重大件货物的过程的动态稳性计算,以Visual C++6.0和OpenGVS场景管理软件为开发平台,研制开发了半潜船操作模拟器应具备的视景系统。该仿真系统实现了视点的转移和跟踪,通过设置在半潜船的驾驶台、甲板及外部三个虚拟相机,实时动态显示半潜船各种运动的状态,同时实现了半潜船操作模拟器几个模块间的相互通信,取得了很好的效果。     

基于综合本体相似度计算的WEB服务发现算法

服务发现的主要过程就是对服务请求和己注册服务间IOPE进行匹配.提出一种新的服务发现框架,以及改进的综合相似度算法.综合考虑语义距离,本体树中概念的深度、密度,以及信息共享来计算服务的相似度.将服务发现过程分为过滤和排序两阶段,并对服务的各参数分别采用更适合的相似度计算方法.将用户给出的服务输入用于最后的排序阶段,以减...