On mind &; Turing’s machines

Turing’s notion of human computability is exactly right not only for obtaining a negative solution of Hilbert’s Entscheidungsproblem that is conclusive, but also for achieving a precise characterization of formal systems that is needed for the general formulation of the incompleteness theorems. The broad intellectual context reaches back to Leibniz and requires a focus on mechanical procedures; these procedures are to be carried out by human computers without invoking higher cognitive capacities. The question whether there are strictly broader notions of effectiveness has of course been asked for both cognitive and physical processes. I address this question not in any general way, but rather by focusing on aspects of mathematical reasoning that transcend mechanical procedures.Section 1 discusses Gödel’s perspective on mechanical computability as articulated in his [193?], where he drew a dramatic conclusion from the undecidability of certain Diophantine propositions, namely, that mathematicians cannot be replaced by machines. That theme is taken up in the Gibbs Lecture of 1951; Gödel argues there in greater detail that the human mind infinitely surpasses the powers of any finite machine. An analysis of the argument is presented in Section 2 under the heading Beyond calculation. Section 3 is entitled Beyond discipline and gives Turing’s view of intelligent machinery; it is devoted to the seemingly sharp conflict between Gödel’s and Turing’s views on mind. Their deeper disagreement really concerns the nature of machines, and I’ll end with some brief remarks on (supra-) mechanical devices in Section 4.     

Assessing and Understanding Efficiency and Success of Software Production

One of the goals of collectingproject data during software development and evolution is toassess how well the project did and what should be done to improvein the future. With the wide range of data often collected andthe many complicated relationships between them, this is notalways easy. This paper suggests to use production models (DataEnvelope Analysis) to analyze objective variables and their impacton efficiency. To understand the effect of subjective variables,it is suggested to apply principal component analysis (PCA).Further, we propose to combine the results from the productionmodels and the analysis of the subjective variables. We showcapabilities of production models and illustrate how productionmodels can be combined with other approaches to allow for assessingand hence understanding software project data. The approach isillustrated on a data set consisting of 46 software projectsfrom the NASA-SEL database (NASA-SEL, 1992). The data analyzedis of the type that is commonly found in project databases.     

Cross-modality matching as a subjective assessment technique

The paper presents the available forms of cross-modality matching (CMM) and discusses their fields of use. A particular emphasis of the discussion is on the applications of CMM in ergonomics, with the example of the perceived exertion rating scale due to Borg. Other uses for CMM are presented and the limitations and sources of error outlined.     

服装压感舒适性评价方法

服装压感舒适性评价主要有客观评价法、主观评价法和主客观综合评价法．客观评价法多是通过服装压的客观测量来体现的,服装压的客观测量分为间接测量与直接测量,直接测量因其测试方法简单被广泛应用．主观评价法由于能解决许多客观测量不能解决的问题,能比较公正地反映受试者的着装感受,也是服装压感舒适性评价的一种重要方法．但由于服装压感舒适性评价的复杂性,单独使用任何一种方法均不全面,只有将两种方法结合起来,采用主客观综合评价法才能更加完善地进行评价．同时,也指出了服装压感舒适性评价法的发展趋势及注意事项．     

Impact of computer training courses on reduction of loneliness of older people in Finland and Slovenia

Previous research has shown loneliness as a threat for the quality of life of older people; therefore the goal of the intervention in a quasi-experimental study was to evaluate and discuss the self-reported level of loneliness of older people in Finland and Slovenia before and after a computer intervention. Intervention in a quasi-experimental study was conducted among 58 older participants at the baseline (M = 72.4 years) and 45 older participants at the follow-up research study (M = 72.9 years). Inferential statistics showed a significant difference in the reduction of loneliness between the countries, and a decreased level of loneliness of older people after completing the computer training course. Although older people experience many age-related problems which may reduce their interest in learning information and communication technology (ICT) skills, it is important that they are computer-proficient, because computer engagement can reduce the level of loneliness of older people and in this way has a positive effect on their quality of life.     

服装舒适性主观评价及主客观指标间的相关性研究

针对评估主观测试方法在服装舒适性上的应用,本文运用数理统计的方法,对涤纶、棉、涤/棉混纺面料服装在不同的气候条件下对其舒适性进行主观测试评价,并对其主要物理指标进行测试,同时运用回归分析对主观舒适性指标和客观测试指标进行了相关性分析,实验结果表明,主客观测试能够辨别出服装舒适性能的总体差异,并且对于服装舒适性趋势预测的呈现有所帮助。主客观测试结果具有一定的相贯性,而与服装舒适性主观感觉相关度最高的测试指标为水蒸汽传递速率、透气率、织物模量以及悬垂指数。主观测试方法可以很好的适用于热、冷环境下着装人体热湿舒适性的研究。     

高职贫困生应对方式对主观幸福感的影响研究

为提升高职贫困大学生的主观幸福感水平及维护其心理健康提供更科学有效的理论依据,从浙江省内高职院校选取136名贫困学生作为研究对象,采用《应付方式问卷》和《总体幸福感量表》,得出主观幸福感和应对方式存在显著性相关,应对方式对高职贫困生主观幸福感有显著影响.     

Skinner's dark year and Walden Two..

Points out that although it was offered simply as a fictional application of radical behaviorism to the design of society, Skinner's utopian novel Walden Two possessed strong emotional connotations for him. The "dark year," a period during his youth when he failed as a creative writer, displayed many earmarks of a major identity crisis. Walden Two was written during a mid-life crisis when identity issues again became highly salient for Skinner. The novel incorporated issues from both periods into its picture of an ideal society and helped him to resolve his developmental conflicts. He emerged with a restructured identity as public advocate for a behavioristic science of human conduct. (18 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于理想点的多属性决策主客观赋权法

针对多属性决策中属性权重确定的问题，提出了基于理想点的主客观赋权法，该方法是指实际方案中的点与反理想点之间的偏离程度越大则该点即为方案集中越好的点，然后通过建立数学规划模型自动求解属性的权重，最后的实例表明，该方法确定的权重不仅反映了文献[6]方法中确定的权重客观程度，同时也反映了属性权重的主观程度。     

Keeping It Real: A Grounded Theory Study of African American Clients Engaging in Counseling at a Community Mental Health Agency.

Few studies have examined African American clients' subjective experiences in counseling from their perspective. This study used a constructivist paradigm, grounded theory methodology, and dimensional analysis to develop a model of clients' subjective experiences in counseling. Derived from clients' perspectives, the model suggests that the African American participants in this study engaged in an ongoing assessing process. Initially, they assessed client-therapist match, which was influenced by 3 factors: salience of Black identity, court involvement, and ideology similarity between client and therapist. These clients then assessed their safety in therapy and their counselor's effectiveness simultaneously. Clients in turn used information obtained from their assessing process to monitor and manage their degree of self-disclosing along a continuum. The model has important implications for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)