The Warm Glow Heuristic: When Liking Leads to Familiarity.

Five studies demonstrate that the positive valence of a stimulus increases its perceived familiarity, even in the absence of prior exposure. For example, beautiful faces feel familiar. Two explanations for this effect stand out: (a) Stimulus prototypicality leads both to positivity and familiarity, and (b) positive affect is used to infer familiarity in a heuristic fashion. Studies 1 and 2 show that attractive faces feel more familiar than average ones and that prototypicality accounts for only part of this effect. In Study 3, the rated attractiveness of average faces was manipulated by contrast, and their perceived familiarity changed accordingly, although their inherent prototypicaliry remained the same. In Study 4, positive words felt more familiar to participants than neutral and negative words. Study 5 shows that the effect is strongest when recognition is difficult. The author concludes that both prototypicality and a warm glow heuristic are responsible for the "good-is-familiar" phenomenon. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

SN－S认证系统中潜信道的实现

本文提出了一种构造容量为１、２的潜信道嵌入认证系统的方法，对容量更大的情形也进行了研究。同时给出了容量与所采用纠错码请参数之间的关系。     

Don't sit so close to me: Unconsciously elicited affect automatically provokes social avoidance.

Behavior may be automatically prompted by cues in our social environment. Previous research has focused on cognitive explanations for such effects. Here we hypothesize that affective processes are susceptible to similar automatic influences. We propose that exposure to groups stereotyped as dangerous or violent may provoke an anxiety response and, thus, a tendency to move away. In the present experiment, we subliminally exposed participants to images of such a group, and found that they displayed greater avoidance in a subsequent interaction. Critically, this effect was explained by their increased sensitivity to threat-related information. These findings demonstrate an affective mechanism responsible for nonconscious priming effects on interpersonal behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

纠错码在认证和阈下信道中的应用

在文献「１」的基础上,分析了作者提出的两个方案,对ｐＩ,ｐｓ的下界结果给出了更为简洁的证明,圆满地解决了文献「１」的遗留的问题,如何系统地分划所有ｋ×ｎ阶系统码生成矩阵所组成的集合。     

两类信息隐匿技术安全性的信息论分析方法

信息隐匿技术是信息安全研究的一个新的领域,它与信息加密有着显著的区别.数字签名中阈下信道是一种传送隐匿信息的安全信道,但每次传送的信息量很少.阈上信道是新近提出的一种在通信双方未共享任何密钥情况下的安全信道,利用阈上信道可以防止中间人攻击.阈上信息可做为公钥,用于保护后续的隐匿信息的传送.本文利用信息理论对这两类信息隐匿技术的安全性作了分析,得出了确保隐匿信息安全的条件.     

The subliminal mere exposure effect does not generalize to structurally related stimuli.

R. F. Bornstein (1994) questioned whether subliminal mere exposure effects might generalize to structurally related stimuli, thereby providing evidence for the existence of implicit learning. Two experiments examined this claim using letter string stimuli constructed according to the rules of an artificial grammar. Experiment 1 demonstrated that brief, masked exposure to grammatical strings impaired recognition but failed to produce a mere exposure effect on novel structurally related strings seen at test. Experiment 2 replicated this result but also demonstrated that a reliable mere exposure effect could be obtained, provided the same grammatical strings were presented at test. The results suggest that the structural relationship between training and test items prevents the mere exposure effect when participants are unaware of the exposure status of stimuli, and therefore provide no evidence for the existence of implicit learning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

无条件安全认证码和阈下信道中的几个问题

指出了文献[1～2]给出的基于纠错码的无条件安全认证码方案中存在的问题;用有限几何和纠错码构造了无条件安全认证码;给出了在无条件安全认证码中嵌入阈下信道的一个新的方法。     

Subliminal perception reaffirmed.

Reviews the book, Preconscious Processing by Norman Dixon (see 1981). Dixon provides a fairly extensive review of relevant literature and concludes that the research findings provide overwhelming support for the reality of preconscious perceptual processes. Extensive treatment is given to clinical applications and selective attention, two topics that were virtually ignored in the earlier volume. In addition, the arguments have been made more general. It is for these reasons that Dixon now prefers the more general concept, preconscious processing, rather than the more limited concept, subliminal perception. A preconscious process, according to Dixon, is any perceptual or memorial process for which there is no awareness or conscious experience. He argues that since the capacity of both the senses and long-term memory exceeds that of the limited capacity channel of conscious experience, entry into the limited capacity channel must be determined at a preconscious stage of processing. More importantly, Dixon also argues that the meaning of a stimulus is processed preconsciously and that even when the preconscious processing of meaning does not lead to conscious experience, the products of this processing may affect conscious perceptual or memorial processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Anxiety sensitivity: The role of conscious awareness and selective attentional bias to physical threat.

Selective attentional biases were examined amongst individuals varying in levels of physical anxiety sensitivity. The dot-probe paradigm was used to examine attention towards anxiety symptomatology, social threat and positive words. Stimuli were presented above (unmasked) and below (masked) the level of conscious awareness. High physical anxiety sensitivity was associated with attentional vigilance for anxiety symptomatology words in both unmasked and masked conditions. For positive words, however, those high in anxiety sensitivity were found to avoid such stimuli when they were masked, whereas they exhibited a relative vigilance when unmasked. If the differences between awareness conditions are reliable, then the impact of the automatic vigilance for threat might be modified by conscious attempts to direct attention towards other types of stimuli. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Indicators of perception: I. Subliminal perception, subception, unconscious perception: An analysis in terms of psychophysical indicator methodology.

"A review of the literature pertaining to unconscious processes in perception was undertaken since preceding reviews had not taken into account current developments in psychophysical indicator methodology, which, it was felt, might clarify issues in this area, especially since they concern the two types of indicators most widely used. It is concluded that most of the substantive contributions of the experiments reviewed cannot be demonstrated to be related to perceptual variables, and this is probably where their importance lies." 198 references. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)