调亏灌溉条件下甘蔗耗水规律试验研究

通过大棚内的甘蔗盆栽试验,研究了不同生育期调亏灌溉条件下甘蔗的耗水规律。结果表明:甘蔗的耗水强度因土壤含水量的不同而不同,各生育期内,土壤含水量大的甘蔗耗水强度就大;甘蔗各生育期的阶段耗水量因生育期的长短而不同,萌芽期的甘蔗耗水量最小,伸长期的耗水量最大。在不考虑降雨因素影响的条件下,研究了甘蔗生长的耗水规律参数。     

喷施硝酸稀土对甘蔗钾素吸收、运转和分配的影响

应用同位素示踪技术和放射自显影技术研究了甘蔗苗期和分蘖期喷施300mg/L硝酸稀土对钾素吸收、运转和分配的影响。结果表明,稀土元素处理能促进甘蔗根部及叶片对钾素(86Rb)的吸收和向外运转以及在生长旺盛部位的累积。生长盛期喷施300mg/L硝酸稀土也能显著提高甘蔗叶片全钾量。     

Hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse using supercritical carbon dioxide to obtain fermentable sugars

This work evaluates the hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse using supercritical carbon dioxide to obtain fermentable sugars in a single‐step process. The effects of temperature, pressure, despressurization rate, moisture content and reaction time on the amount of fermentable sugars released were assessed. Results obtained showed the feasibility of adopting the present procedure since it produced about 287 g of fermentable sugars per kg of dry bagasse, which corresponds to 60% yield on the basis of total cellulose. Such a result is very attractive from an industrial viewpoint because there is no use of toxic solvent, solvent removal is completed (no residues), and the method has very low water consumption since the process is a solid–gas reaction. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

蔗渣闪爆处理及其黄原酸化物的制备和应用

采用热蒸汽适度闪爆及稀碱洗涤等预处理技术对蔗渣进行纯化和活化,利用处理后的蔗渣纤维素合成纤维素基黄原酸酯,对其在水处理中的应用进行了研究。研究优化了闪爆处理的工艺条件,并采用IR、SEM和化学分析技术对闪爆前后蔗渣纤维的形态、结构、a-纤维素的含量进行了分析,对处理前后的蔗渣纤维的碱化和黄原酸化合成条件进行了优化。结果表明,闪爆预处理技术是一种便宜、迅速、无污染的技术,蔗渣纤维素基黄原酸酯对含金属离子的污水有良好的处理效果。     

6种杀虫剂对甘蔗蛴螬的田间防治效果

[目的]为了筛选防治甘蔗蛴螬的理想药剂,采用随机区组排列法结合甘蔗大培土布施6种杀虫剂进行田间药效试验.[结果]5％异丙特丁硫磷颗粒剂防治蛴螬效果最佳,残留虫口数最少,为1.67头/m2,蔗根受害情况也最轻,受害率仅为5.56％,两者相对防效均为最高,分别为76.19％、93.57％.其次是8％毒死蜱·辛硫磷颗粒剂和8％杀螟单·辛硫磷颗粒剂.其他杀虫剂对蛴螬均有一定防效,但效果不甚理想.[结论]结合甘蔗大培土,选施5％o异丙特丁硫磷颗粒剂75 kg/hm2、8％毒死蜱·辛硫磷颗粒剂60 kg/hm2和8％杀螟单·辛硫磷颗粒剂60 kg/hm2等药剂,可有效防治甘蔗蛴螬,保护蔗根免受为害.     

甘蔗收割机切割系统耙齿注塑成型翘曲变形分析

针对传统甘蔗收获机切割系统甘蔗喂入困难问题,设计了新型的甘蔗耙齿,将其安装在切割器上,以甘蔗收割机切割系统耙齿制品为研究对象,为了避免注塑成型方案加工使新型耙齿易出现翘曲的现象,文章利用Moldflow模流分析软件和正交试验方法,研究了保压压力、保压时间、熔体温度和模具温度对制品翘曲的影响。结果表明,保压压力对翘曲缺陷影响最大,保压时间的影响最小。根据正交试验结果,选择了最优工艺对翘曲进行了优化,结果显示,当保压压力为120 MPa,保压时间为12 s,熔体温度为220℃,模具温度为55℃时,耙齿的翘曲量最小。     

Sugarcane bagasse and leaves: foreseeable biomass of biofuel and bio‐products

Sugarcane is among the principal agricultural crops cultivated in tropical countries. The annual world production of sugarcane is ～1.6 billion tons, and it generates ～279 million metric tons (MMT) of biomass residues (bagasse and leaves). Sugarcane residues, particularly sugarcane bagasse (SB) and leaves (SL) have been explored for both biotechnological and non‐biotechnological applications. For the last three decades, SB and SL have been explored for use in lignocellulosic bioconversion, which offers opportunities for the economic utilization of residual substrates in the production of bioethanol and value‐added commercial products such as xylitol, specialty enzymes, organic acids, single‐cell protein, etc. However, there are still major technological and economic challenges to be addressed in the development of bio‐based commercial processes utilizing SB and SL as raw substrates. This article aims to explore SB and SL as cheaper sources of carbohydrates in the developing world for their industrial implications, their use in commercial products including commercial evaluation, and their potential to advance sustainable bio‐based fuel systems. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Enhanced Adsorption of Malachite Green by EDTAD-modified Sugarcane Bagasse

Abstract

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride (EDTAD) modified sugarcane bagasse (SB) was prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Due to the presence of a large number of carboxyl groups, the adsorption capacity of the EDTAD modified SB (EDTAD-SB) for malachite green (MG) showed a significant increase compared with SB. Increase in ion strength of solution-induced decline of MG sorption. The maximum adsorption capacities were 157.2 mg g^?1 for MG, according to the Langmuir equation. Kinetic studies showed better correlation coefficients for a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, confirming that the sorption rate was controlled by a chemisorption process.     

甘蔗蜡精制脱色初步考察

简述了甘蔗蜡的性质、成因、制备过程及用途,介绍了实验室考察甘蔗蜡精制脱色的试验情况,结果表明采用溶剂萃取与白土精制的组合方法可以大大改善甘蔗蜡的颜色,从深棕色蔗蜡原料中得到黄色和暗黄色的精制后蔗蜡产品,而采用加氢精制和溶剂萃取的组合方法来处理甘蔗蜡。效果不好,蜡的性质发生了根本的改变,已经不具备蔗蜡特有的性质。     

Application of succinylated sugarcane bagasse as adsorbent to remove methylene blue and gentian violet from aqueous solutions - Kinetic and equilibrium studies

In a previous work, succinylated sugarcane bagasse (SCB 2) was prepared from sugarcane bagasse (B) using succinic anhydride as modifying agent. In this work the adsorption of cationic dyes onto SCB 2 from aqueous solutions was investigated. Methylene blue, MB, and gentian violet, GV, were selected as adsorbates. The capacity of SCB 2 to adsorb MB and GV from aqueous single dye solutions was evaluated at different contact times, pH, and initial adsorbent concentration. According to the obtained results, the adsorption processes could be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Adsorption isotherms were well fitted by Langmuir model. Maximum adsorption capacities for MB and GV onto SCB 2 were found to be 478.5 and 1273.2 mg/g, respectively.