Production of active lipase by Rhizopus oryzae from sugarcane bagasse: solid state fermentation in a tray bioreactor

This study deals with production of lipase in solid state fermentation by Rhizopus oryzae from sugarcane bagasse. A tray bioreactor was designed for the extracellular enzyme production. Daily, lipase production was evaluated at several incubation temperatures. Furthermore, the influence of temperature and humidity of the cabinet, depth of solid bed, particle size, initial moisture content and supplementary substrate (olive oil) as carbon source was investigated. The obtained results showed that bioreactor temperature of 45 °C, humidity of 80%, solid bed depth of 0.5 cm, particle size in the range of 0.335–1 mm, substrate initial moisture content of 80% for the top tray and 70% for the middle tray and supplementary substrate of 8% (v/w) olive oil led to maximum lipase production. Under optimum fermentation conditions after 72‐h incubation, maximum lipase activities for the top, middle and bottom trays were 215.16, 199.36 and 52.64 U gds^?1, respectively.     

甘蔗联合收割机切段辊液压系统的节能设计

针对切段式甘蔗联合收割机切段辊液压系统耗能大,效率低的问题,提出将负载敏感技术应用于切段辊液压系统,并与采用节流调速的液压系统进行对比,研究其节能效果。首先通过试验测得甘蔗收割机在行走速度为1, 2, 3 km/h 3种典型工况下切段辊马达的载荷谱及相应功耗数据;然后将实测所得的载荷谱数据导入AMESim模型,对2种液压系统进行仿真。结果表明:负载敏感系统的耗能和系统效率分别为节流调速液压系统的54%和1.8倍,且负载敏感系统马达速度稳定性好。基于实测载荷谱,在行走机械液压综合实验平台进行实验验证,所得负载敏感系统的耗能和效率分别为节流调速系统的52%和1.85倍。仿真和实验结果都表明,将负载敏感技术应用于切段辊液压系统,节能效果显著。     

环保节能甘蔗装载机的创新设计

基于环保节能、使用方便的原则,对甘蔗装载机提出一种创新设计,分析了该设计的原理,进行了合理的构架,成功地制造物理样机,其具有节能环保、工作可靠、结构简单、使用、拆装、存放、搬运都很方便的特点。     

切割参数对蔗茎合格率影响的试验研究

为提高甘蔗的切割质量和降低甘蔗损失,在自制的小型整杆式甘蔗收割机上进行双因素试验,研究压蔗辊转速和刀盘转速对甘蔗切割质量的影响。试验结果表明,刀盘转速和压蔗辊转速对甘蔗切割质量具有显著影响。基于综合平衡法,确定最优组合为刀盘转速为750 rpm,压蔗辊转速为180 rpm。在该组合下,切断后蔗茎头部完好率为57.9%,蔗茎头部轻微撕裂率为24.6%,蔗茎头部中度撕裂率为10.5%,蔗茎头部粉碎率为6.9%。为小型甘蔗收割机的机械设计提供参考依据。     

萃智(TRIZ)理论应用,创新的“点金术”

萃智理论就是由根里奇·阿奇舒勒通过对250万份发明专利的分析研究,总结归纳的一套发明创新理论,该理论由阿奇舒勒在20世纪40年代创立,总结了企业产品发展进化的客观规律,指导人们创造性地解决实际科研生产中遇到的技术难题。阐述企业应用萃智理论创新方法指导研发,成功研发出甘蔗收获机械系列产品投入市场应用并获得市场认可。     

甘蔗收割机智能设计系统中实例推理研究

在阐述甘蔗收割机智能设计系统（SHIDS）的基础上，讨论了其推理机模块中的实例推理。在实例推理中采用ART网络缩小检索范围，以最近邻法计算相似度提取实例，并辅以规则推理完成实例修改，实现了甘蔗收割机智能设计系统的实例推理过程。     

Efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in the sugarcane-vertical system in Guadeloupe according to growth and ratoon age of the cane

Sugarcane is one of the main economic resources of Guadeloupe (France). Cane grown on the island's vertisols shows nitrogen deficiency which is accentuated with each successive ratoon. This deficiency could partially explain the observed decrease in yield. The present study, based on the isotopic N method applied to different ratoons in the field, was aimed at: (i) diagnosing the problem in the crop environment itself; and (ii) quantifying the fertilizer-N balance. The results indicated that decrease in yield and N absorption by the cane was related to ratoon number. The real utilization coefficient for the fertilizer (RUC%) ranged from 6 and 34%, and a high proportion (30–40%) of fertilizer-N was immobilized in the soil (NiS%) after the annual crop cycle. The N absorbed by the cane was essentially derived from the soil. Rainfall at the beginning of (re)growth determined crop development and N supply to the crop. When the water requirements of the crop are satisfied, nitrogen supply and cane yield can be improved in two ways: (i) by increasing the efficiency of the applied N fertilizer (RUC% and NiS%); and (ii) by maintaining the soil's capacity to supply cane with N. This implies maintaining and, if necessary, upgrading the structural state of the vertisols.     

基于ETM＋数据的广西甘蔗信息提取方法初探

利用ETM＋高分辨遥感数据对甘蔗监测的研究,在遥感数据中提取甘蔗空间分布信息,同时进行面积估算。在分区范围内采用决策树分类和监督分类相结合的方法,取得了理想的效果,以供读者学习和参考。     

蔗秆表皮层的SEM-EDAX研究

用SEM-EDAX法研究蔗秆表皮层的超微结构及元素组成。结果表明，在实验条件下，蔗秆表皮层的外表面由C、O、Mg、Al、Si、Cl6种元素组成，Si的含量为30．464％；颗粒状物的Si含量为53．833％。蔗秆表皮层径切面中含C、O、Mg、Al、Si、K、Ca7种元素，自外向里各种元素的含量呈规律性变化。表皮层是Si等矿质元素高度密集、超微结构非常复杂的多层结构；表皮层中的Si绝大部分在碱法制浆的低温蒸煮阶段就被溶解转移到黑液中，残留物几乎为纯C组成。蔗秆表皮层的超微结构、Si等元素的存在状态及脱除机理有待进一步研究。     

调亏灌溉条件下甘蔗耗水规律试验研究

通过大棚内的甘蔗盆栽试验,研究了不同生育期调亏灌溉条件下甘蔗的耗水规律。结果表明:甘蔗的耗水强度因土壤含水量的不同而不同,各生育期内,土壤含水量大的甘蔗耗水强度就大;甘蔗各生育期的阶段耗水量因生育期的长短而不同,萌芽期的甘蔗耗水量最小,伸长期的耗水量最大。在不考虑降雨因素影响的条件下,研究了甘蔗生长的耗水规律参数。