全文获取类型
收费全文 | 57002篇 |
免费 | 6317篇 |
国内免费 | 3887篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 4047篇 |
技术理论 | 8篇 |
综合类 | 7336篇 |
化学工业 | 4317篇 |
金属工艺 | 1259篇 |
机械仪表 | 3496篇 |
建筑科学 | 6798篇 |
矿业工程 | 5468篇 |
能源动力 | 1938篇 |
轻工业 | 756篇 |
水利工程 | 1741篇 |
石油天然气 | 1396篇 |
武器工业 | 1002篇 |
无线电 | 4454篇 |
一般工业技术 | 5384篇 |
冶金工业 | 3093篇 |
原子能技术 | 420篇 |
自动化技术 | 14293篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 223篇 |
2023年 | 824篇 |
2022年 | 1338篇 |
2021年 | 1752篇 |
2020年 | 1950篇 |
2019年 | 1604篇 |
2018年 | 1621篇 |
2017年 | 1875篇 |
2016年 | 2128篇 |
2015年 | 2230篇 |
2014年 | 3741篇 |
2013年 | 3851篇 |
2012年 | 4219篇 |
2011年 | 4576篇 |
2010年 | 3622篇 |
2009年 | 3654篇 |
2008年 | 3714篇 |
2007年 | 3947篇 |
2006年 | 3438篇 |
2005年 | 2896篇 |
2004年 | 2319篇 |
2003年 | 1957篇 |
2002年 | 1629篇 |
2001年 | 1265篇 |
2000年 | 1048篇 |
1999年 | 878篇 |
1998年 | 695篇 |
1997年 | 614篇 |
1996年 | 519篇 |
1995年 | 471篇 |
1994年 | 430篇 |
1993年 | 322篇 |
1992年 | 282篇 |
1991年 | 211篇 |
1990年 | 172篇 |
1989年 | 190篇 |
1988年 | 142篇 |
1987年 | 75篇 |
1986年 | 98篇 |
1985年 | 78篇 |
1984年 | 75篇 |
1983年 | 53篇 |
1982年 | 56篇 |
1981年 | 42篇 |
1980年 | 32篇 |
1979年 | 35篇 |
1978年 | 29篇 |
1977年 | 27篇 |
1964年 | 27篇 |
1955年 | 36篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Given a collection of n locations and a symmetric measure of distance (difference) between each pair of locations, we seek to identify (select) a subset of p locations so as to achieve two distinct objectives. The first objective is to use the selected locations as centers (medians) of p groups that would partition the entire collection and minimize the total distance between the locations and their respective group medians. The second objective is to maximize the minimum distance (diversity) among the selected locations themselves. We study this problem as a multi-objective optimization problem and propose an iterative algorithm to obtain its non-dominated frontier. At each iteration we construct and solve a 0–1 integer programming problem. Through a computational experiment we show that this algorithm is computationally effective for small to medium size instances of the problem. We also propose a Lagrangian heuristic algorithm for solving larger instances of this problem. 相似文献
42.
A new constitutive equation of thermoelasticity for crystals is presented based on the interatomic potential and solid mechanics at finite temperature. Using the new constitutive equation, the calculations for crystal copper and graphene are carried out under different loading paths at different temperatures. The calculated results are in good agreement with those of the previous thermoelasticity constitutive equation based on quantum mechanics, which clearly indicates that our new constitutive equation of thermoelasticity is correct. A lot of comparisons also show that the present theory is more concise and efficient than the previous thermal stress theory in the practical application. 相似文献
43.
Image enhancement algorithms are commonly used to increase the contrast and visual quality of low-dose x-ray images. This paper proposes an automated enhancement method using soft fuzzy sets with a new decision-making scheme based on Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence for the visual interpretation of pneumonia malformation in low-dose x-ray images, called as XEFSDS. The XEFSDS model first generates an original source x-ray image into a complementary image, then each original and complement image is applied to the characterized image object and background areas of fuzzy space. The S-function is utilized to define fuzzy soft sets for the classification of gray level ambiguity in both images, and hence a decision criterion via Dempster-Shafer approach and fuzzy interval has been adapted to discriminate uncertainties on the pixel intensity and the spatial information. Modified membership grade operations have been performed on each object/background area, and Werner’s AND/OR operator (an aggregation operator) has been utilized to build a new membership function from two modified membership functions. Finally, an enhanced image is obtained from the new membership function via defuzzification. Experiments on different pneumonia X-ray images demonstrate that the XEFSDS scheme produces better results than the existing methods. To show the advantages of the XEFSDS scheme, we have executed a segmentation based examination on enhanced image for the detection of pneumonia malformation as well as abnormal lobe (lobar pneumonia) or bronchopneumonia. 相似文献
44.
In this study, the decomposition of methanol into the CO and H species on the Pd/tungsten carbide (WC)(0001) surface is systematically investigated using periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The possible reaction pathways and intermediates are determined. The results reveal that saturated molecules, i.e., methanol and formaldehyde, adsorb weakly on the Pd/ WC(0001) surface. Both CO and H prefer three-fold sites, with adsorption energies of −1.51 and −2.67 eV, respectively. On the other hand, CH3O stably binds at three-fold and bridge sites, with an adsorption energy of −2.58 eV. However, most of the other intermediates tend to adsorb to the surface with the carbon and oxygen atoms in their sp3 and hydroxyl-like configurations, respectively. Hence, the C atom of CH2OH preferentially attaches to the top sites, CHOH and CH2O adsorb at the bridge sites, while COH and CHO occupy the three-fold sites. The DFT calculations indicate that the rupture of the initial C–H bond promotes the decomposition of CH3OH and CH2OH, whereas in the case of CHOH, O–H bond scission is favored over the C–H bond rupture. Thus, the most probable methanol decomposition pathway on the Pd/WC(0001) surface is CH3OH → CH2OH → trans-CHOH → CHO → CO. The present study demonstrates that the synergistic effect of WC (as carrier) and Pd (as catalyst) alters the CH3OH decomposition pathway and reduces the noble metal utilization. 相似文献
45.
聚烯烃催化剂硅胶载体的制备和表征 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用并流共沉淀法制备了适用于聚烯烃催化剂的硅胶载体,为减少颗粒的聚集,在制备过程中添加一种表面活性剂。利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、比表面积测定(BET)和X射线粉末衍射(XRD)法对制备的硅胶载体进行了表征;考察了在制备硅胶载体过程中原料硅酸钠溶液的浓度、溶液pH以及焙烧温度对产物硅胶载体的物理性能的影响。实验结果表明,硅酸钠溶液的浓度影响硅胶的初始粒子的大小,溶液pH直接影响硅酸钠的水解速率,焙烧温度影响硅胶的孔结构和比表面积。当硅酸钠溶液的浓度为0.2mol/L、溶液pH为8-9、反应温度为70℃、焙烧温度为700℃时,硅胶载体的BET比表面积为242.22m2/g、最可几孔径为16.45 nm、堆密度为0.492 1g/mL,与进口硅胶(Silica Gel 955)的物理性能相近。 相似文献
46.
Based on the current spin density functional theory, a theoretical model of three vertically aligned semiconductor quantum dots is proposed and numerically studied. This quantum dot molecule (QDM) model is treated with realistic hard-wall confinement potential and external magnetic field in three-dimensional setting. Using the effective-mass approximation with band nonparabolicity, the many-body Hamiltonian results in a cubic eigenvalue problem from a finite difference discretization. A self-consistent algorithm for solving the Schrödinger-Poisson system by using the Jacobi-Davidson method and GMRES is given to illustrate the Kohn-Sham orbitals and energies of six electrons in the molecule with some magnetic fields. It is shown that the six electrons residing in the central dot at zero magnetic field can be changed to such that each dot contains two electrons with some feasible magnetic field. The Förster-Dexter resonant energy transfer may therefore be generated by two individual QDMs. This may motivate a new paradigm of Fermionic qubits for quantum computing in solid-state systems. 相似文献
47.
Supported metal catalysts, particularly noble metals supported on SiO2, have attracted considerable attention due to the importance of the silica–metal interface in heterogeneous catalysis and in electronic device fabrication. Several important issues, e.g., the stability of the metal–oxide interface at working temperatures and pressures, are not well-understood. In this review, the present status of our understanding of the metal–silica interface is reviewed. Recent results of model studies in our laboratories on Pd/SiO2/Mo(1 1 2) using LEED, AES and STM are reported. In this work, epitaxial, ultrathin, well-ordered SiO2 films were grown on a Mo(1 1 2) substrate to circumvent complications that frequently arise from the silica–silicon interface present in silica thin films grown on silicon. 相似文献
48.
49.
负载型复合载体及其镍基催化剂的性能 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了负载型ZrO_2/Al_2O_3和ZrO_2/Al_2O_3-SiO_2复合载体,研究了不同复合载体对Ni基催化剂CO_2重整甲烷反应和性能的影响,并用XRD、IR、TPR、TPD和BET等方法对复合载体及催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,ZrO_2负载在基载体后比表面积、碱性、活性组分Ni的分散度和Ni与ZrO_2的相互作用增大。NiO在复合载体表面的分散容量与ZrO_2的负载量有关,ZrO_2的负载量为37.5%时NiO的分散容量达最高值(24.0%)。与Ni/ZrO_2相比,Ni/ZrO_2/Al_2O_3-SiO_2和Ni/ZrO_2/Al_2O_3催化剂对CO_2的吸附能力增大,CO_2吸附量增加,酸强度降低,CO_2重整CH_4反应活性提高,其中以Ni/ZrO_2/Al_2O_3催化剂的活性最好。 相似文献
50.