基于仿生观念的多层薄壁结构承载热防护一体化分析设计

受仿生观念启发,通过对力学与传热性能的表征和优化分析,研究了多层薄壁结构的承载和热防护的一体化设计问题。以生活在印度洋底的蜗牛壳结构为原型,构造了分层薄壁结构受力和传热的概念性模型,开展了热防护和承载性能的表征与分析。通过三维气动加热算例和基于遗传算法的优化设计,验证了仿生结构具有最佳的材料参数的排布,是综合热防护和承载性能于一体的优越结构形式。     

基于性能的钢框架结构失效模式识别及优化

该文定义了损伤和滞回耗能两个性能指标,以增量动力分析(IDA)方法为基础,提出基于性能的钢框架结构失效模式识别方法,并以性能指标为目标函数,以构件截面尺寸作为变量,建立钢框架结构失效模式多目标优化方法。在多条地震波作用下,对一个20层benchmark钢框架结构进行了失效模式识别与优化分析,结果表明,以损伤和滞回耗能作为评价指标的基于性能的钢框架结构失效模式识别方法,能有效识别最不利地震作用下的结构失效模式,基于性能的失效模式多目标优化方法能够显著提高结构整体的抗震性能。     

高淬透性硼微合金化特厚板钢成分优化设计

海洋工程用特厚板钢通常要求具有良好的淬透性,合理设计此类钢化学成分是改善其淬透性的主要方法之一.传统钢成分设计大多以实验为主,耗费巨大.本文以热力学计算软件Thermo-Calc和材料性能计算软件JMat Pro为工具,采用计算、预测与实验相结合的研究模式,对含B微合金化特厚板钢进行成分优化,以期获得高淬透性能.使用Thermo-Calc计算了B微合金化钢的热力学平衡析出相.通过对析出相的析出温度、析出量及相间关系分析,阐述了此类钢的成分设计原则,给出了可获得高淬透性的B微合金化钢的设计成分.采用JMat Pro对设计钢淬透性进行预测,预测结果很好地说明了设计钢成分的合理性.经过淬透性实验和化学相分析,进一步肯定了优化设计结果.理论计算与实验结果表明高铝含量有利于改善硼微合金化钢淬透性.     

响应面法优化异硫链霉菌LMZM利用玉米芯粉产木聚糖酶发酵培养基的研究

本研究采用响应面法对异硫链霉菌LMZM产木聚糖酶的发酵培养基进行优化。首先利用Plackett-Burman实验设计筛选出影响产酶的4个显著性因素:玉米芯粉、大豆粉、酵母粉和MgSO——4。在此基础上,研究不显著因素的最低添加量来降低生产成本,然后运用最陡爬坡法逼近最大响应值区域,最后利用中心复合设计确定显著性因素之间的交互作用及最佳组成。结果表明,玉米芯粉27.85 g/L、大豆粉16.25 g/L、酵母粉3.46 g/L、MgSO₄1.18 g/L、K₂HPO₄0.60 g/L、Na₂HPO₄0.40 g/L,木聚糖酶最大理论酶活可达117.80 U/m L,经3次平行实验验证,实际酶活平均值为116.63 U/m L与预测酶活相近,且比优化之前的酶活提高了1.28倍。      

响应面法优化泡椒牦牛黄喉制作工艺研究

对牦牛黄喉进行泡椒产品的开发,有利于牦牛副产物的增值增效,提高产品附加值。本实验以水煮时间、食用碱质量浓度、浸渍液中泡椒的比例和泡制时间4个反应因素,以泡椒牦牛黄喉感官评分为评价指标,在单因素工艺实验的基础上,通过四因素三水平的Box-Behnken响应面分析法优化泡椒牦牛黄喉的制作工艺条件。经方差分析得知泡制时间和食用碱质量浓度的交互影响显著,泡椒比例和泡制时间对泡椒牦牛黄喉的交互影响极显著。结果表明,最优制作条件为水煮时间25min,食用碱质量浓度0.7g/100m L,泡椒比例21%,泡制时间53h。在此制作条件下得到泡椒牦牛黄喉色泽良好,口感细腻,脆嫩,泡椒香气浓郁,泡椒牦牛黄喉感官评分可达到36.19。验证实验泡椒牦牛黄喉感官评分为35.27,表明实验结果与软件优化结果相符。      

Light-Dependent Nitrate Removal Capacity of Green Microalgae

In the present study, Chlamydomonas sp. MACC-216 was used to investigate total nitrate removal in TAP medium with sodium nitrate as the sole nitrogen source under several light conditions made up of permuted combinations of three light colors (referred to as blue, red, and white light) and three light intensities (50 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹, 100 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹, and 250 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹). It was observed that nitrate removal efficiency is influenced by light color as well as light intensity. Additionally, Chlamydomonas sp. MACC-216 was cultivated in synthetic wastewater under four light conditions, namely, Blue 250, Blue 125 + Red 125, Red 250, and White 250, where it showed the highest nitrate removal efficiency and nitrate reductase activity under the Blue 125 + Red 125 light condition. To observe the impact of light color on the nitrate removal capacity of Chlamydomonas sp. MACC-216, the expression of five genes participating in nitrate transport and reduction (NRT1, NRT2.1, NRT2.2, NIA, and MCP) was also analyzed; these genes showed the highest expression under the Blue 125 + Red 125 light condition. Based on the above-mentioned findings, the blue + red light combination emerged as a promising light combination for nitrate removal. Hence, our study suggests the importance of the blue + red light combination together with high light intensity, as the optimal light condition for nitrate removal from synthetic wastewater in comparison to other monochromatic lights with high light intensity.     

Exploring the Potential Energy Surface of Pt6 Sub-Nano Clusters Deposited over Graphene

Catalytic systems based on sub-nanoclusters deposited over different supports are promising for very relevant chemical transformations such as many electrocatalytic processes as the ORR. These systems have been demonstrated to be very fluxional, as they are able to change shape and interconvert between each other either alone or in the presence of adsorbates. In addition, an accurate representation of their catalytic activity requires the consideration of ensemble effects and not a single structure alone. In this sense, a reliable theoretical methodology should assure an accurate and extensive exploration of the potential energy surface to include all the relevant structures and with correct relative energies. In this context, we applied DFT in conjunction with global optimization techniques to obtain and analyze the characteristics of the many local minima of Pt₆ sub-nanoclusters over a carbon-based support (graphene)—a system with electrocatalytic relevance. We also analyzed the magnetism and the charge transfer between the clusters and the support and paid special attention to the dependence of dispersion effects on the ensemble characteristics. We found that the ensembles computed with and without dispersion corrections are qualitatively similar, especially for the lowest-in-energy clusters, which we attribute to a (mainly) covalent binding to the surface. However, there are some significant variations in the relative stability of some clusters, which would significantly affect their population in the ensemble composition.     

乳糖酸产生菌的发酵培养基优化

以乳糖酸生产菌Rsoultella terrigena Y20为实验菌株,在单因素实验的基础上进行Plackett-Burman实验和BoxBehnken实验设计,采用响应面法建立土生拉乌尔菌Rsoultella terrigena Y20的发酵培养基优化模型。得到的最优产乳糖酸培养基为:乳糖110.28g/L,蛋白胨19.00g/L,硝酸铵3.00g/L,MgSO40.625g/L,K2HPO41.25g/L,KH2PO41.0g/L,NaCl 0.625g/L,pH7.5。经实验验证,在此条件下,乳糖酸的产量可达102.614g/L,转化率为93.05%,比优化前的93.84g/L提高了9.35%。      

粘质沙雷氏菌的分离鉴定及产红色素培养基的优化

为确定KMR-3菌株的分类地位,对其进行了分类鉴定;为了提高其红色素产量,对发酵培养基进行了优化。以分离到的KMR-3菌株为供试材料,通过形态学、生理生化特征和16S rRNA基因序列分析对其进行了生物学分类鉴定。以LB液体培养基作为基础培养基,通过优化其不同组分（蛋白胨,酵母膏和NaCl）及含量以提高红色素产量。结果表明:KMR-3菌株归属为粘质沙雷氏菌,该菌株产红色素的最佳培养基为5g/L胰蛋白胨和1%甘油,pH5.0,温度28℃;该条件下,色素产量是基础培养基的13.4倍。该培养基蛋白用量少,促进粘质沙雷氏菌产生大量红色素,为其大规模生产提供依据。      

大涝坝凝析气藏循环注气注采参数优化研究

大涝坝凝析气藏在衰竭式开发过程中,受反凝析和水侵的双重影响,产能快速下降,为提高采收率,开展了循环注气开发.注采参数是影响循环注气采收率及经济效益的主要指标.针对大涝坝这类开发中后期进行循环注气的水驱凝析气藏,该文通过数值模拟方法,开展注采比、注采方式等注采参数优选,优化循环注气方案,保证了循环注气开发的效果.