Characterization of tandem organic solar cells comprising subcells of identical absorber material

Recently organic tandem solar cells with record efficiency had been shown comprising identical absorber materials in both subcells. Such structures pose new challenges for characterization. The standard test methods for measuring spectral response of tandem solar cells can not be applied. The standard procedures demand for different bias illumination during measuring spectral response allowing to select the subcell being current limiting. With subcells comprising identical absorber materials, thus having identical absorption spectra, such a selection is not trivial. In this paper, we show that with the help of detailed optical simulations of such tandem organic solar cells, their characterization is possible, and we apply the proposed method to a sample structure. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一步法合成(E)-1,3-二取代丙-2-烯-1-酮类化合物

报道了一种温和的,以二氧化锰为氧化剂,通过串联氧化反应-Wittig反应-氧化反应,一步制备(E)-1,3-二取代丙-2-烯-1-酮类化合物的合成方法。使用该方法,我们合成7个具有代表性的化合物。     

Identification of In Vitro Metabolites of Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants BHT,BHA, and TBHQ by LC-HRMS/MS

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and its analogs, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and tert-butyl-hydroquinone (TBHQ), are widely used synthetic preservatives to inhibit lipid oxidation in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Despite their widespread use, little is known about their human exposure and related biotransformation products. The metabolism of these compounds was investigated using in vitro incubations with human and rat liver fractions. Liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry was employed to detect and characterize stable and reactive species formed via oxidative metabolism, as well as phase II conjugates. Several oxidative metabolites have been detected, as well as glutathione, glucuronide, and sulfate conjugates, many of which were not previously reported. A combination of accurate mass measurements, MS/MS fragmentation behavior, and isotope-labeling studies were used to elucidate metabolite structures.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定果蔬汁类及其饮料中22种镰刀菌属毒素

目的 建立果蔬汁类及其饮料中22种镰刀菌属毒素的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)检测的实验方法。方法 样品经水和乙腈提取,QuEChERS净化,氮吹至近干,1 mL 80%乙腈水(体积分数)复溶,以乙腈和0.1%甲酸水(2mmol/L甲酸铵)为流动相,经ACQUITY UPLC CSH Phenyl-Hexyl 反相柱梯度分离,UPLC-MS/MS在正、负离子模式下多反应监测,基质配制外标法定量。结果 22种镰刀菌属毒素在线性范围内,相关系数平方(R2)均大于0.985,回收率在66.6%-119.1%之间,相对标准偏差在2.64%-14.96%之间。结论 该方法具有前处理方式简单、分析时间短、灵敏度好、准确度高、杂质干扰小等特点,可以用于果蔬汁类及其饮料中22种镰刀菌属毒素的检测。     

Functional Characterization of the Solute Carrier LAT-1 (SLC7A5/SLC2A3) in Human Brain Capillary Endothelial Cells with Rapid UPLC-MS/MS Quantification of Intracellular Isotopically Labelled L-Leucine

The solute carrier L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT-1/SLC7A5) is a viable target for drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) and tumors due to its high abundance at the blood–brain barrier and in tumor tissue. LAT-1 is only localized on the cell surface as a heterodimer with CD98, which is not required for transporter function. To support future CNS drug-delivery development based on LAT-1 targeting, we established an ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) assay for stable isotopically labeled leucine ([¹³C₆, ¹⁵N]-L-leucine), with a dynamic range of 0.1–1000 ng/mL that can be applied for the functional testing of LAT-1 activity when combined with specific inhibitors and, consequently, the LAT-1 inhibition capacity of new compounds. The assay was established in a 96-well format, facilitating high-throughput experiments, and, hence, can support the screening for novel inhibitors. Applicable recommendations of the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency for bioanalytical method validation were followed to validate the assay. The assay was applied to investigate the IC₅₀ of two well-known LAT-1 inhibitors on hCMEC/D3 cells: the highly specific LAT-1 inhibitor JPH203, which was also used to demonstrate LAT-1 specific uptake, and the general system L inhibitor BCH. In addition, the [¹³C₆, ¹⁵N]-L-leucine uptake was determined on two human brain capillary endothelial cell lines (NKIM-6 and hCMEC/D3), which were characterized for their expressional differences of LAT-1 at the protein and mRNA level and the surface amount of CD98. The IC₅₀ values of the inhibitors were in concordance with previously reported values. Furthermore, the [¹³C₆, ¹⁵N]-L-leucine uptake was significantly higher in hCMEC/D3 cells compared to NKIM-6 cells, which correlated with higher expression of LAT-1 and a higher surface amount of CD98. Therefore, the UPLC-MS/MS quantification of ([¹³C₆, ¹⁵N]-L-leucine is a feasible strategy for the functional characterization of LAT-1 activity in cells or tissue.     

InTouch在1250mm冷连轧控制系统中的设计和应用

主要论述了在1250mm五机架冷连轧计算机控制系统中,人机界面组态软件InTouch 9.0的设计思想和编程实例.首先介绍了计算机控制系统的硬件配置,软件的通讯方式;然后详细叙述了组态软件InTouch的应用特色,并给出自编的函数应用实例.     

多目标遗传算法在八辊五机架全连续冷连轧机轧制策略优化中的应用

针对八辊五机架全连续冷连轧机在轧制过程中的特点，提出一种多目标优化问题的求解策略——多目标遗传算法，并对其进行改进，提出基于多目标遗传算法的多辊冷连轧机轧制策略的优化。该方法具有计算精度高、速度快等特点，适合在线实时计算的要求。该优化算法在河北中钢1250mm八辊五机架全连续冷连轧机中的应用，证明了该算法的适用性和灵活性，为多辊全连续冷连轧机在计算机过程控制中进行轧制策略优化设计提供了一条新的途径。     

冷连轧轧制力计算模型及改进方案

过程控制系统要求数学模型能正确反映规律性,运算简单,并且有较高的预报精度。轧制力计算模型是过程控制数学模型的核心,轧制力的计算精度直接影响到板形与板厚控制的精度。为了提高轧制力计算的精度,通过对冷轧轧制力特点的分析和计算模型的研究,我们在现有Hill公式的基础上,考虑张力对计算冷轧带钢轧制力的影响并借助于自学习计算功能,通过添加张力影响因子和模型自学习系数对Hill公式进行了改进,在保证轧制力预报精度的同时实现轧制力的在线计算。实际数据测试结果表明轧制力在线计算模型的预报精度误差在±5%以内。     

Heat Shock Alters the Proteomic Profile of Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells

The aim of this research was to determine the impact of heat stress on cell differentiation in an equine mesenchymal stem cell model (EMSC) through the application of heat stress to primary EMSCs as they progressed through the cell specialization process. A proteomic analysis was performed using mass spectrometry to compare relative protein abundances among the proteomes of three cell types: progenitor EMSCs and differentiated osteoblasts and adipocytes, maintained at 37 °C and 42 °C during the process of cell differentiation. A cell-type and temperature-specific response to heat stress was observed, and many of the specific differentially expressed proteins were involved in cell-signaling pathways such as Notch and Wnt signaling, which are known to regulate cellular development. Furthermore, cytoskeletal proteins profilin, DSTN, SPECC1, and DAAM2 showed increased protein levels in osteoblasts differentiated at 42 °C as compared with 37 °C, and these cells, while they appeared to accumulate calcium, did not organize into a whorl agglomerate as is typically seen at physiological temperatures. This altered proteome composition observed suggests that heat stress could have long-term impacts on cellular development. We propose that this in vitro stem cell culture model of cell differentiation is useful for investigating molecular mechanisms that impact cell development in response to stressors.     

串联聚能射流的数值模拟与实验研究

为了有效对付各种现代装甲目标,提出一种新型聚能装药结构并探讨了其成型机理.应用有限元软件分别对其前级装药、后级装药以及双级串联聚能装药的射流侵彻过程进行了数值模拟.结果表明:该串联装药可生成两个稳定且具有高同轴度的金属射流,其穿深比单锥角药型罩至少高30%.并在此基础上进行了系列的静破甲实验,实验与数值模拟结果吻合较好, 进一步深化了聚能效应的内涵和丰富了打击目标的手段.