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91.
Context
Human resources play a critical role in software project success. However, people are still the least formalized factor in today’s process models. Generally, people are assigned to roles and project teams are formed on the basis of project leaders’ experience of people, constraints (e.g. availability) and skill requirements. Yet this process has to take multiple factors into account. Few works in the literature model this process. Most of these are informal proposals focusing on the individual assignment of people to project tasks and do not consider other aspects like team formation as a whole.Objective
In this paper we formulate a formal model for assigning human resources to software project teams. Additionally, we describe the key results of the knowledge management process enacted to output the elements of the model.Method
The model elements were identified using the Delphi expert consultation method and applying psychological tests. The proposed model was implemented in a software tool and validated on two software development organization assignment scenarios.Results
We built a formal model for the process of assigning human resources to software project teams. This model takes into account as many factors as possible and aids the assignment of individuals to project roles, as well as the formation of the team as a whole.We found that the rules that were identified to form software development project teams are useful. From the tests we found that model implementation was feasible (all the executions of the implemented problem-solving algorithms output feasible solutions in response times that can be considered as acceptable).Conclusion
Using the Delphi method we were able to propose software project roles and competences. Psychological tests and data mining tools identified useful rules for forming software project teams. These were used to build a formal model. This model was built into a tool that returns role assignments in acceptable response times. This decision support tool helps managers assign people to roles and to form teams. Using the tool, project leaders can flexibly evaluate different team make-ups, taking into account several factors, as well as different constraints and objectives. 相似文献92.
This paper provides an analysis of the collaborative work conducted at a multidisciplinary medical team meeting, where a patient’s
definitive diagnosis is agreed, by consensus. The features that distinguish this process of diagnostic work by consensus are
examined in depth. The current use of technology to support this collaborative activity is described, and experienced deficiencies
are identified. Emphasis is placed on the visual and perceptual difficulty for individual specialities in making interpretations,
and on how, through collaboration in discussion, definitive diagnosis is actually achieved. The challenge for providing adequate
support for the multidisciplinary team at their meeting is outlined, given the multifaceted nature of the setting, i.e. patient
management, educational, organizational and social functions, that need to be satisfied.
相似文献
Saturnino LuzEmail: |
93.
针对人工蜂群算法易陷入局部最优问题,首先,将蜂群算法中的跟随蜂数量翻倍,用其一半采用轮盘赌选择机制更新,保持蜂群沿着蜜源浓度大的方向进化;增加的一半跟随蜂采用反向的轮盘赌选择机制,用以维持种群的多样性。其次,将所有未更新计数器次数大于阈值的蜜源对应的引领蜂变成侦察蜂,并对相应蜜源进行更新搜索。最后,求出每一轮迭代后所得蜜源的中心位置,通过中心位置与每个蜜源所在的邻域内产生一新解,再比较适应度值的大小,选择优者。经过实验证明,该改进算法具有更高的收敛精度和很好的鲁棒性,且增加了算法跳出局部最优的机会,增强了蜂群算法的寻优能力,具有更好的优化性能。 相似文献
94.
A. MacDonaldC.J. Scarrott D. LeeB. Darlow M. RealeG. Russell 《Computational statistics & data analysis》2011,55(6):2137-2157
Extreme value theory is used to derive asymptotically motivated models for unusual or rare events, e.g. the upper or lower tails of a distribution. A new flexible extreme value mixture model is proposed combining a non-parametric kernel density estimator for the bulk of the distribution with an appropriate tail model. The complex uncertainties associated with threshold choice are accounted for and new insights into the impact of threshold choice on density and quantile estimates are obtained. Bayesian inference is used to account for all uncertainties and enables inclusion of expert prior information, potentially overcoming the inherent sparsity of extremal data. A simulation study and empirical application for determining normal ranges for physiological measurements for pre-term infants is used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed mixture model. The potential of the proposed model for overcoming the lack of consistency of likelihood based kernel bandwidth estimators when faced with heavy tailed distributions is also demonstrated. 相似文献
95.
Chih-Huang Wang Shyi-Ming Chen 《Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications》2008,12(9):919-934
This paper presents a new method for appraising the performance of high school teachers based on fuzzy number arithmetic operations.
It uses fuzzy numbers to represent fuzzy grades. The fuzzy weights of criteria are automatically generated from the opinions
of evaluators. The simplified fuzzy number arithmetic operations are used for calculating the average of fuzzy numbers. It
can appraise the performance of high school teachers in a more flexible and more intelligent manner. 相似文献
96.
I. Burhan Türken 《Applied Soft Computing》2008,8(3):1178-1188
“Fuzzy Functions” are proposed to be determined by the least squares estimation (LSE) technique for the development of fuzzy system models. These functions, “Fuzzy Functions with LSE” are proposed as alternate representation and reasoning schemas to the fuzzy rule base approaches. These “Fuzzy Functions” can be more easily obtained and implemented by those who are not familiar with an in-depth knowledge of fuzzy theory. Working knowledge of a fuzzy clustering algorithm such as FCM or its variations would be sufficient to obtain membership values of input vectors. The membership values together with scalar input variables are then used by the LSE technique to determine “Fuzzy Functions” for each cluster identified by FCM. These functions are different from “Fuzzy Rule Base” approaches as well as “Fuzzy Regression” approaches. Various transformations of the membership values are included as new variables in addition to original selected scalar input variables; and at times, a logistic transformation of non-scalar original selected input variables may also be included as a new variable. A comparison of “Fuzzy Functions-LSE” with Ordinary Least Squares Estimation (OLSE)” approach show that “Fuzzy Function-LSE” provide better results in the order of 10% or better with respect to RMSE measure for both training and test cases of data sets. 相似文献
97.
98.
99.
论述了贯彻落实科学发展观对水利水电工作必要性,以及如何在实际工作中坚持科学发展观,并从赣州市水利电力勘测设计研究院50年来在服务水利、改革发展、创新理念、人才队伍建设等方面取得的成就加以说明. 相似文献
100.
利用学习型组织理论分析学习型军代室建设过程,寻找在军代室建设的各个阶段军代室领导应该采用的有效领导方式。结合军代室工作实际,运用塔克曼团队建设的阶段理论,提出了学习型军代室建设的5个阶段,即形成阶段、震荡阶段、规范阶段、执行阶段和创新阶段。结合团队建设各个阶段的特征,分析了军代室领导应当承担的任务和充当的角色,指出在学习型军代室建设的不同阶段,军代室领导应分别以榜样者、辅导者、参与者、授权者和观察员5种不同的角色出现。 相似文献