Determination of solid fat content (SFC) of binary fat blends and use of these data to predict SFC of selected ternary fat blends containing low-erucic rapeseed oil

Several oils and fats often used for the industrial preparation of European shortenings were blended in binary systems. The equilibrium (after 48 h at 15°C) solid fat contents (SFC; determined by pulsed NMR spectroscopy) were measured and plotted against blend composition. SFC of the blends resulted from the SFC of each fat for the considered temperature as well as the type of interaction existing between those fats (namely, ideal behavior, monotectic interaction, eutectic interaction, and so on). The type of relationship fitted was dependent on the kind of interaction: Linear relationships were found for total compatibility between fats, and polynomial-type (order 2) relationships were found for fats exhibiting incompatibility. Some corresponding ternary oils and fats blends were also prepared and analyzed. Selected relationships (regression equations of the fitted curves) obtained for binary blends were combined in order to calculate the SFC of the corresponding ternary blends. Experimental values were generally close to predicted ones. The representation of SFC as a function of composition is interesting as it allows one to determine rapidly and easily the type of molecular interaction between two fats and also to determine equations that can be combined to calculate easily the SFC of corresponding ternary blends crystallized in the same way with a good accuracy. The texture (hardness) of several binary and ternary blends was also measured. The combination of the results obtained for SFC with the results obtained for the hardness of binary blends allows the prediction of the hardness of a corresponding ternary blend under the same conditions.     

联合 LTP 和 LPQ 的人脸识别方法

提出一种联合局部三值模式（LTP）和局部相位量化（LPQ）的人脸识别方法,该方法首先对预处理后的人脸分别采用LTP算子、LPQ算子提取各自的直方图,然后,通过特征选择将两者联合为LTP＿LPQ直方图,最后通过最近邻分类器进行分类识别。在ORL和YALE标准人脸数据库上的实验表明,该方法能有效地提高人脸的识别率。     

Transition phenomena of polymers in mixed solvents in the vicinity of theta conditions: Effect of preferential adsorption

Viscosimetric measurements were obtained with the ternary systems polystyrene/dioxane/methanol, polystyrene/benzene/methanol and poly(methyl methacrylate)/dioxane/cyclohexane, changing the solvent mixture composition at constant temperature. The polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) systems exhibit a transition phenomenon with solvent-mixture composition in which the polymer is just above the theta condition. In the case where two theta conditions occur ((θ-intra, θ-inter) the transition point is closely related to the intramolecular theta conditions. Moreover the intramolecular theta conditions vary with the molecular weight in the region of molecular weights where the preferential adsorption also varies. This variation induces a variation of the transition point with molecular weight which obeys a formula analogous to that giving the variation of the preferential adsorption with molecular weight.     

[火用]分析环境模型及其确立原则的研究

对现有的环境模型和有关环境模型的理论进行了评述和分析，指出了确定环境模型的理论以及现有的环境模型中存在的问题，提出了比较系统的确定环境模型的理论原则。     

有机-无机复混肥料的肥料效应初探

选取鸡粪为有机原料 ,进行发酵与不发酵两种前处理 ,设计 0、30 %、4 0 %、6 0 %和 10 0 % 5种有机氮水平 ,在水稻上连续两年试验。结果表明 ,在 4 0 %水平以下 ,作物产量随有机氮的增加而增加 ,超过 6 0 %产量下降 ,但有后效。氮素表观利用率与有机氮成正相关 ,当有机氮达到 10 0 %时 ,氮素利用率达到 5 3.4 %。随有机氮的增加 ,作物吸收养分向子粒中转移的比例也相应增加     

氨纶氯水降解及耐氯机理的探讨

应用红外光谱分析方法，对氨纶（ＰＵ纤维）氯水降解及耐氯机理进行了初步的研究。结果表明，ＰＵ浸氯水后，因受活性氯原子的攻击，ＰＵ大分子软链段的碳－碳键发生断裂，形成碳－氯化合物，添加剂加入后，因与ＰＵ大分子的软链段形成螯合物，从而避免了活性氯原子的攻击，有效地保护了软链段，使氨纶耐氯性能明显改善。     

橡胶模型制品胶坯精密预成型机

介绍了橡胶工业橡制品生产中胶坯制备的三种方法，其中详细介绍了精密预成型机制备胶坯。以上海德仁橡塑机械有限公司物精密预成型机为例，从结构，性能及工艺参数等方面进行了分析，说明精密预成型机是批量生产橡胶模型制品的一种得力辅助设备。     

高分子型阳离子抗静电剂性质的研究

设计合成了聚丙烯酰胺季铵盐类的抗静电剂。当高聚物的溶液浓度为1．44％，涤纶织物在25℃、RH66％的半衰期为0秒．静电压为0KV，15次水洗后半衰期为1．7秒，静电压为0．35KV。研究结果表明：这种阳离子型高聚物具有优良的抗静电性和耐水洗性。     

有机肥在有机无机复混肥中的效果

通过茄子在无肥、商品有机肥、无机复混肥和有机无机复混肥4处理的一次基肥使用试验,对产量、开展度、花蕾数、结果数和单果量考察和统计分析反映出有机无机复混肥与无机复混肥的肥效基本相同;商品有机肥似具有与化肥一样的速效性;要使有机肥发挥肥效,只有增加有机肥使用量;不能期望通过有机无机复混肥中加入少量有机肥来体现有机肥的肥效.     

Effect of low molecular weight polybutadiene as processing aid on properties of silica‐filled styrene–butadiene rubber compounds

Because silica has strong filler–filler interactions, a silica‐filled rubber compound shows a poor filler dispersion compared to a carbon black‐filled one. Improvement of the filler dispersion in silica‐filled styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds was studied using low molecular weight polybutadiene (liquid PBD) with the high content of 1,2‐unit. By adding the liquid PBD to the silica‐filled SBR compound, the filler dispersion and flow property are improved. The cure time and cure rate become faster as the 1,2‐unit content of the liquid PBD increases for the compounds containing the liquid PBD. The crosslink density increases linearly with increase in the 1,2‐unit content of the liquid PBD. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3135–3140, 2003