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11.
裂缝性油气藏采收率:100个裂缝性油气田实例的经验总结 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
通过对世界上100个裂缝性油气藏的综合评价,研究储集层及流体本身的性质(包括孔隙度、渗透率、黏度、可动油比例、含水饱和度、润湿性及裂缝分布特征等)和驱动机制及油藏管理战略(优化日产量和采用不同类型的提高采收率技术)对其最终采收率的影响。将裂缝性油气藏分为4类:I类的基质几乎没有孔隙度和渗透率,裂缝是储存空间和流体流动的通道;Ⅱ类的基质有较低的孔隙度和渗透率,基质提供储存空间,裂缝提供流动通道;Ⅲ类(微孔隙)的基质具有高孔隙度和低渗透率,基质提供储存空间,裂缝提供流动通道;Ⅳ类(大孔隙)的基质具有高的孔隙度和渗透率,基质提供储存空间和流动通道,裂缝仅增加渗透率。对26个Ⅱ类油气藏和20个Ⅲ类油气藏的开采历史的研究表明:Ⅱ类油气藏的采收率受水驱强度和最优日产量控制,日产量过高会很容易破坏Ⅱ类油气藏,一些Ⅱ类油气藏如果管理得当,采收率可以很高,不需要二次或三次采油;Ⅲ类油气藏的采收率主要受岩石和流体本身性质的影响,特别是基质渗透率、流体重度、润湿性以及裂缝强度等,不进行二次或三次采油不可能完全开采,往往需要采用一些提高采收率的专门技术。以往将Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类裂缝性油气藏归为一类,认识它们的区别将有助于选择更好的开发策略。 相似文献
12.
槽孔式水力驱动控制棒槽孔阻力系数实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对槽孔式水力驱动控制棒槽对孔阻力系数进行了大量实验研究,获得了槽孔式水力驱动控制棒槽对孔阻力系数和其随槽对孔位移的变化规律,分析了槽对孔阻力系数与控制棒槽对孔结构参数之间的关系。结果表明:随槽对孔位移的增加,槽对孔阻力系数从某一较大的定值迅速降低到某一较小的定值,然后再迅速反回到初始的定值,形成一个对称的宽幅波谷;槽高使阻力系数曲线波谷幅宽发生变化,也使完全不重合段的阻力系数发生变化;随内套孔径的增大,阻力系数有所降低,其对阻力系数的影响也进一步减弱。孔径增大到一定程度,阻力系数基本不受孔径参数的影响。 相似文献
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A serious problem in motion control is the occurrence of torque ripple. Since a direct drive (DD) motor with a magnet rotor uses a rare-earth magnet, the torque ripple is more serious than that of conventional servomotors. This paper presents an auto-compensation of torque ripple using a software-implemented torque observer. The frequency and amplitude of torque ripple can be obtained in the controller by using the estimated torque from an observer, and the autonomous generation of a compensating current component for a torque ripple is possible. The proposed algorithm has been verified by experiments. 相似文献
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Cocaine lowers brain reward thresholds, reflecting increased brain reward function. The authors investigated whether, similar to acute cocaine administration, cocaine-predictive conditioned stimuli would lower intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) thresholds. Rats received a saline injection for 5 days, a cocaine injection (10 mg/kg) for 20 consecutive days, then saline for 5 additional days. Thresholds were measured immediately before and 10 min after each injection. The initial 5 saline injections had no effect on thresholds, whereas cocaine significantly lowered thresholds for 20 days. There was no tolerance or sensitization to this effect of cocaine over days. During the last 5 days when cocaine administration was substituted with saline, rats demonstrated a conditioned lowering of thresholds during the 2nd daily ICSS session. These data demonstrate that cocaine-predictive conditioned stimuli induce a conditioned facilitation of brain reward function. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
17.
Madden Gregory J.; Begotka Andrea M.; Raiff Bethany R.; Kastern Lana L. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,11(2):139
The degree to which real and hypothetical rewards were discounted across delays ranging from 6 hr to 1 year was explored in a within-subjects design. An adjusting-amounts procedure was used to estimate the subjective value of real and hypothetical rewards at each delay. A hyperbolic discounting function provided a significantly better fit to individual participants' preferences than did an exponential function. No significant effect of reward type on degree of hyperbolic discounting or area under the discounting curves was detected. These findings offer some support for the validity of using hypothetical rewards to estimate discounting rates in substance-abusing and other populations, but caution is suggested because this support is gleaned from a failure to detect an effect of reward type. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
18.
指出了皮带及链传动现有张紧方法的缺点,设计了一种结构简单、工作可靠的用于皮带及链传动的恒张力控制装置,该装置能自动调整压在皮带或链上的力,在很大挠角范围内保持其张力基本恒定。 相似文献
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Docherty Nancy M.; Cohen Alex S.; Nienow Tasha M.; Dinzeo Thomas J.; Dangelmaier Ruth E. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,112(3):469
This study examined the degree to which different types of communication disturbances in the speech of 48 schizophrenia patients and 28 controls were variable and state related versus stable and traitlike. Clinically rated formal thought disorder and 5 types of referential disturbance showed substantial stability within participants over time. The sixth type of referential disturbance, the vague reference, was not stable over time. Formal thought disorder was associated with the severity of core psychotic symptoms in patients, whereas referential disturbances showed little or no association with positive or negative symptom severity. Furthermore, changes in psychotic symptoms over time were accompanied by corresponding changes in formal thought disorder but not referential disturbances. These results support the idea that some types of referential disturbances are traitlike and may be reflective of vulnerability as well as manifest illness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献