基于电子鼻技术对不同类型洋葱提取液的识别

洋葱提取液作为新型的生物果蔬保鲜剂,因天然、安全等特点受到消费者信赖。然而不同类型洋葱提取液对果蔬的保鲜效果并不相同,因此对不同类型洋葱提取液的快速识别是有实践意义的。本试验以云南、甘肃、安徽、四川、山东、江苏的紫皮洋葱,甘肃、吉林、云南的黄皮洋葱和新疆的白皮洋葱为试验对象,测定植物学性状后提取洋葱的提取液,运用电子鼻检测分析提取液的挥发性物质,采用费舍尔判别(Fisher判别)和反向传播神经网络(back propagation neural network, BPNN)建立预测模型。结果表明：电子鼻的10个传感器对不同类型的洋葱提取液的响应值有显著性差异(P < 0.05),Fisher判别模型和BPNN模型均可有效的识别不同类型的洋葱提取液,其中BPNN识别的正确率比Fisher判别高。因此,电子鼻技术结合BPNN更适合不同类型洋葱提取液的识别。     

基于主成分与聚类分析的蓝莓品质综合评价研究

以皖南丘陵地区主栽的8个品种蓝莓为原料,通过测定各品种果实品质性状和分布,分析其差异显著性,并利用主成分分析和聚类分析建立综合评价模型进行蓝莓品质性状综合评价。结果表明,蓝莓品质性状间存在不同程度的差异,其中单果质量、体积、果汁p H值、糖酸比与果实籽、总酸、果胶、总酚、黄酮和花色苷含量变异系数大于10%,品种间差异显著;硬度、果形指数、出汁率与水分、可溶性固形物、还原糖、VC和单宁含量变异系数小于10%,品种间变异较小。主成分分析提取了前5个主成分,累积方差贡献率达到92.261%。根据蓝莓主要品质指标,对8个蓝莓品种进行系统聚类分析。利用主成分分析和聚类分析综合评价得出,圆蓝和粉蓝两个蓝莓品种综合品质高,可作为蓝莓育种、品种改良和加工利用的优质原料。     

Level of environmental intelligence among university students from selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe

The aim of this article was to characterise and compare the level of environmental intelligence among university students from selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe. This was done using empirical data collected by the author in 2015. In the introduction and theoretical part of this text, the term ‘environmental intelligence’ is defined, and issues raised by modern sociologists such as M. Maffesoli and M. Archer are presented. Two hypotheses stating that respondents from Poland, Slovakia and Czech Republic have higher levels of environmental intelligence than university students from the Ukraine, and those studying natural sciences have higher levels of environmental intelligence than students of the humanities or social sciences were verified. The statistical analysis conducted in the second part of the text revealed a higher level of environmental intelligence among students from the European Union countries compared to respondents from the Ukraine. However, there were no significant differences between the level of environmental intelligence and respondents’ faculty of studies. This indicates that studying natural sciences did not contribute to a more dynamic development of environmental intelligence in students. This revelation may be disturbing, as the state of the environment cannot improve if young people cannot use and care for it responsibly.     

Scale-dependency of macroinvertebrate communities: responses to contaminated sediments within run-of-river dams

Due to their nutrient recycling function and their importance in food-webs, macroinvertebrates are essential for the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. These organisms also constitute an important component of biodiversity.Sediment evaluation and monitoring is an essential aspect of ecosystem monitoring since sediments represent an important component of aquatic habitats and are also a potential source of contamination. In this study, we focused on macroinvertebrate communities within run-of-river dams, that are prime areas for sediment and pollutant accumulation. Little is known about littoral macroinvertebrate communities within run-of-river dam or their response to sediment levels and pollution. We therefore aimed to evaluate the following aspects: the functional and structural composition of macroinvertebrate communities in run-of-river dams; the impact of pollutant accumulation on such communities, and the most efficient scales and tools needed for the biomonitoring of contaminated sediments in such environments. Two run-of-river dams located in the French alpine area were selected and three spatial scales were examined: transversal (banks and channel), transversal × longitudinal (banks/channel × tail/middle/dam) and patch scale (erosion, sedimentation and vegetation habitats). At the patch scale, we noted that the heterogeneity of littoral habitats provided many available niches that allow for the development of diversified macroinvertebrate communities. This implies highly variable responses to contamination. Once combined on a global ‘banks’ spatial scale, littoral habitats can highlight the effects of toxic disturbances.     

湿薄喷涂工艺技术在井巷施工中的应用

介绍了湿薄喷涂工艺中砼料的配方,并对配方中的用料进行了分析,阐述了湿薄喷涂工艺特点及施工过程中的安全技术措施。对湿薄喷涂工艺技术的运用进行了经济效益和社会效益的分析。     

徐州战争文化七大特点剖析

在数千年的沧桑岁月中,徐州承载了数以千计的大小战事。纵观徐州的历史,无时无处不渗透着战争的烽火硝烟和兵戈铮鸣!这些战事,凝聚着先人们的鲜血和生命,闪耀着前辈们的智慧和精神,已积淀成了丰富的文化资源,是中华民族文明宝库中璀璨的明珠!     

Universal Features of Personality Traits From the Observer's Perspective: Data From 50 Cultures.

To test hypotheses about the universality of personality traits, college students in 50 cultures identified an adult or college-aged man or woman whom they knew well and rated the 11,985 targets using the 3rd-person version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. Factor analyses within cultures showed that the normative American self-report structure was clearly replicated in most cultures and was recognizable in all. Sex differences replicated earlier self-report results, with the most pronounced differences in Western cultures. Cross-sectional age differences for 3 factors followed the pattern identified in self-reports, with moderate rates of change during college age and slower changes after age 40. With a few exceptions, these data support the hypothesis that features of personality traits are common to all human groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Personality differences in attempted suicide versus suicide in adults 50 years of age or older.

The authors tested hypotheses concerning personality differences in treatment-seeking suicide attempters (AT; n = 60) and a community sample of suicides (SU; n = 43) over age 50. On the basis of prior research, the authors hypothesized that SU would be lower in Neuroticism and Openness and higher in Conscientiousness. A 2-group (AT vs. SU) multivariate analysis of covariance with NEO Personality Inventory--Revised (Informant Version) domain scores as dependent variables revealed that SU were lower in Neuroticism and higher in Conscientiousness. The authors conclude that AT and SU in this age group can be distinguished on the basis of informant ratings of personality traits. These differences can inform risk detection. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Determinants of health knowledge: An investigation of age, gender, abilities, personality, and interests.

Ten areas of health knowledge were investigated in 2 studies, 1 of college students (N=169) and 1 of adults from the community (ages 19-70; N=176). Measures assessed knowledge of aging, orthopedic/ dermatological concerns, common illnesses, childhood/early life, serious illnesses, mental health, nutrition, reproduction, safety, and treatment of illness/disease. Significant gender differences favoring women were found for most areas of health knowledge, especially reproduction and early life. Results showed that cognitive ability accounted for the most variance in health knowledge with nonability (personality and interest traits) and demographic variables accounting for smaller but significant amounts of variance across most knowledge domains. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The dynamics of masculine-agentic and feminine-communal traits: Findings from a prospective study.

A reciprocal impact hypothesis posits an influence of gender-related traits (agency and communion) on role enactment and a reciprocal impact of role enactment on gender-related traits, for both men and women. Specifically, in this study it was predicted that agency influences career success and career success influences agency. In addition, the reciprocal influence of communion and family roles was examined. A prospective study with almost 2,000 university graduates, who were tested after graduation and 1.5 years later, clearly supported the reciprocal impact hypothesis for agency and career success. Communion influenced family roles, but there was no reciprocal influence. Implications for theories of career success and of sex and gender are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)