Universal Features of Personality Traits From the Observer's Perspective: Data From 50 Cultures.

To test hypotheses about the universality of personality traits, college students in 50 cultures identified an adult or college-aged man or woman whom they knew well and rated the 11,985 targets using the 3rd-person version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. Factor analyses within cultures showed that the normative American self-report structure was clearly replicated in most cultures and was recognizable in all. Sex differences replicated earlier self-report results, with the most pronounced differences in Western cultures. Cross-sectional age differences for 3 factors followed the pattern identified in self-reports, with moderate rates of change during college age and slower changes after age 40. With a few exceptions, these data support the hypothesis that features of personality traits are common to all human groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The measurement of leadership in white and Negro women students.

A comparison of personality traits and other characteristics of leaders and non-leaders in two southern colleges for women, Agnes Scott for white and Spelman for Negro students, is made. The materials used are the Good-enough Speed-of-Association Test, the Bernreuter Personality Inventory, and other collateral information. Small, but statistically significant, differences exist between leaders and non-leaders within a college. These differences are "definitely and reliably greater than are the differences between the two races." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

情绪特质对建筑工人危险感知的差异化影响

为更深入地揭示情绪特质对建筑工人危险感知行为的影响规律,减少事故发生,立足中国建筑工人的群体与个体特质,以情绪等相关理论为支撑,基于自主开发的“情绪特质-危险感知”问卷,利用科学统计方法与指标,探究了不同情绪特质下工人的危险感知行为差异。结果表明:工人的危险感知能力与情绪特质呈正相关,良好的情绪管理能力有利于增强工人危险感知能力;情绪特质最直接影响工人危险知觉水平,情绪化的工人危险知觉水平偏弱;工人良好的情绪管理能力对危险认知有显著影响,最显著体现为提高工人信息分析稳定性。     

Antecedents of computer self-efficacy: A study of the role of personality traits and gender

Empirical evidence suggests that computer self-efficacy plays an important role in one’s acceptance and use of new information technology. Little is however known about the antecedents of computer self-efficacy. This paper reports on a study of 143 non-users of a self-checkout library system available at a large Canadian university which was conducted to investigate the relationships between stable personality traits and gender with computer self-efficacy. Results indicate that four of the five stable personality traits, as measured by the Big-5 factors of personality, contribute to explain computer self-efficacy. Taking gender into account, results show that the traits of neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness are significantly related to computer self-efficacy for women but not for men. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

Personality differences in attempted suicide versus suicide in adults 50 years of age or older.

The authors tested hypotheses concerning personality differences in treatment-seeking suicide attempters (AT; n = 60) and a community sample of suicides (SU; n = 43) over age 50. On the basis of prior research, the authors hypothesized that SU would be lower in Neuroticism and Openness and higher in Conscientiousness. A 2-group (AT vs. SU) multivariate analysis of covariance with NEO Personality Inventory--Revised (Informant Version) domain scores as dependent variables revealed that SU were lower in Neuroticism and higher in Conscientiousness. The authors conclude that AT and SU in this age group can be distinguished on the basis of informant ratings of personality traits. These differences can inform risk detection. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The dynamics of masculine-agentic and feminine-communal traits: Findings from a prospective study.

A reciprocal impact hypothesis posits an influence of gender-related traits (agency and communion) on role enactment and a reciprocal impact of role enactment on gender-related traits, for both men and women. Specifically, in this study it was predicted that agency influences career success and career success influences agency. In addition, the reciprocal influence of communion and family roles was examined. A prospective study with almost 2,000 university graduates, who were tested after graduation and 1.5 years later, clearly supported the reciprocal impact hypothesis for agency and career success. Communion influenced family roles, but there was no reciprocal influence. Implications for theories of career success and of sex and gender are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

浅析城市景观特色“高调”思维原因

从审美主体和客体的特性视角扼要分析了形成城市景观特色＂高调＂思维的原因。