三个优质小麦品种品质稳定性分析

济南17和师栾02-1是山东省种植面积最大的面包小麦品种,济麦22是山东省种植面积最大的面条小麦品种。为明确这3个优质小麦品种在不同地区和年份间品质变化规律,分析了2006～2016年度品质测定结果,结果发现济麦22除沉淀指数、湿面筋含量和吸水率外,其他各项品质指标在华北麦区、黄淮北片麦区和黄淮南片麦区间均不存在明显差异(P0.05)。济南17容重表现为黄淮北片麦区黄淮南片麦区,其他各项品质指标在黄淮北片和黄淮南片间均不存在明显差异(P0.05);师栾02-1最大抗延阻力华北麦区黄淮北片麦区,其他各项品质指标在华北麦区和黄淮北片间均不存在明显差异(P0.05)。另外,除出粉率和湿面筋含量两个品质指标外,其他各项品质指标在济麦22、济南17和师栾02-1间均存在明显差异(P0.05)。根据品质相关指标数据,利用R程序进行聚类分析,将品质指标可以分为3类。     

黑曲霉泡腾片对烟草青枯病防效及烟株生长的影响

以云烟87为试材,研究黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）泡腾片生防菌剂对烟草农艺性状的影响和对烟草青枯病的防治效果。盆栽 试验表明,黑曲霉泡腾片稀释800倍时,对烟草青枯病的防治效果可达92.9%,显著高于稀释1 200倍的多粘类芽孢杆菌（Peanibacillus ploymyxa）（42.9%）的防效（P＜0.05）。大田试验表明,黑曲霉泡腾片在提高烟草叶片数、叶长、叶宽、直径、株高等农艺性状方面优于 清水对照,表现出良好的促生效果;对采收的烤烟进行送检,结果表明,施用泡腾片的烟叶呈现出良好的评吸效果。     

Factors associated with food liking and their relationship with metabolic traits in Italian cohorts

Food preferences are influenced by a large number of physiological, nutritional, environmental, sociocultural and genetic factors. From previous studies, survey-reported food likings may reflect habitual intake, being cognitively simple to recall than intake, and have associated with risk factor for diet-related diseases.This work was secondary analysis of a large dataset of personal, clinical and lifestyle measures from 3219 Italian adults to investigate: 1) factors associated with food liking; 2) the relationship between food liking and metabolic phenotypes.Seven food liking groups (alcoholic beverages, cheeses, fish, fruit, meat, sweets foods and vegetables) were defined based on a questionnaire completed by each participant.Multivariate regression analyses showed that factors such as age, gender, education and food behaviour were related with food liking groups. For example, males reported significantly greater liking for alcoholic beverages, fish and meat and a lower liking for vegetables, fruit and sweet foods. Greater liking for all foods was associated with greater self-reported willingness to try unfamiliar foods (food adventurousness).In multivariate regression models and independently from other measures, food liking groups were associated with adiposity, serum lipids, fasting glucose and systolic blood pressure. For instance, greater adiposity was associated with higher liking for meat and cheeses, while higher HDL-cholesterol was associated with higher vegetables liking.Our results from a large adult cohort highlight that many factors may shape survey-reported food liking and suggest their link with metabolic measures.     

山东省六个主推小麦品种加工品质特性

对山东地区6个小麦品种进行了较系统的品质测定,分析了小麦品种间籽粒品质、面粉品质、面团品质性状及烘焙特性的差异。结果表明,山农12号籽粒和麦粉品质性状较好,面团具有较好的弹性和延伸性;泰麦1号和淄麦12号籽粒硬度、容重较大,面团品质性状佳,烘焙效果好。     

不同品种红小豆的品质评价研究

以北京、河北、东北3个红小豆主产区的15个有代表性的红小豆品种为试验材料,对其10个品质性状进行主成分分析和综合评判。结果表明:主成分分析提取出3个主成分,累计贡献率已高达84.252%,可以反映红小豆品质的绝大部分信息。籽粒明度值L*、百粒重、蛋白质、出沙率、砂质感、淀粉粒径为影响小豆品质的最主要因子。用这3个主成分代替原来的10个品质因子对小豆进行综合评判,筛选出外观品质好的品种为日本红、农安红、保红947、中农科2号,加工品质和综合品质好的品种为中农科3号、保8824-17、保876-16、京农8号。     

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and post-GWAS analyses for technological traits in Assaf and Churra dairy breeds

This study aimed to perform a GWAS to identify genomic regions associated with milk and cheese-making traits in Assaf and Churra dairy sheep breeds; second, it aimed to identify possible positional and functional candidate genes and their interactions through post-GWAS studies. For 2,020 dairy ewes from 2 breeds (1,039 Spanish Assaf and 981 Churra), milk samples were collected and analyzed to determine 6 milk production and composition traits and 6 traits related to milk coagulation properties and cheese yield. The genetic profiles of the ewes were obtained using a genotyping chip array that included 50,934 SNP markers. For both milk and cheese-making traits, separate single-breed GWAS were performed using GCTA software. The set of positional candidate genes identified via GWAS was subjected to guilt-by-association-based prioritization analysis with ToppGene software. Totals of 84 and 139 chromosome-wise significant associations for the 6 milk traits and the 6 cheese-making traits were identified in this study. No significant SNPs were found in common between the 2 studied breeds, possibly due to their genetic heterogeneity of the phenotypes under study. Additionally, 63 and 176 positional candidate genes were located in the genomic intervals defined as confidence regions in relation to the significant SNPs identified for the analyzed traits for Assaf and Churra breeds. After the functional prioritization analysis, 71 genes were identified as promising positional and functional candidate genes and proposed as targets of future research to identify putative causative variants in relation to the traits under examination. In addition, this multitrait study allowed us to identify variants that have a pleiotropic effect on both milk production and cheese-related traits. The incorporation of variants among the proposed functional and positional candidate genes into genomic selection strategies represent an interesting approach for achieving rapid genetic gains, specifically for those traits difficult to measure, such as cheese-making traits.     

Identifying commonalities and differences in personality characteristics of Internet and social media addiction profiles: traits,self-esteem,and self-construal

Excessive use of the Internet and social media has been associated with behavioural addiction, which sparked the researchers’ interest in gaining a better understanding of this global phenomenon. The aim of this study was to fill a gap in knowledge by using just one sample to identify similarities and differences in relationships between technology addictions and personality characteristics, especially traits, self-esteem, and self-construal. The sample consisted of 512 undergraduate students. The results showed that Internet addiction and social media addiction shared many more similarities than differences. Agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experiences, emotional stability, self-esteem, the frequency of checking account, and Internet usage were predictors of both Internet addiction and social media addiction. Age, satisfaction with life, and interdependent self-construal did not predict Internet addiction or social media addiction, whereas real self and extraversion predicted Internet addiction only, and gender, posting updates, a number of friends, and independent self-construal predicted social media addiction only. These results provide some basis for an understanding of Internet and social media addiction profiles.     

Drivers’ attitudes,preference, and acceptance of in-vehicle anger intervention systems and their relationships to demographic and personality characteristics

This research conducted focus group interviews and a questionnaire survey to investigate the potential demand of drivers for anger intervention systems (AISs) and explore the effects of demographic factors and personality traits on the preference and attitudes toward AISs. Results indicate that drivers prefer auditory intervention over tactile and visual interventions. Moreover, they favor emotion recording features but also have negative attitudes about accuracy and system security. In addition, age and some personality traits (i.e., types of driving anger and categories of driving anger expressions) play an important role in predicting the preference of intervention modalities or attitudes toward AISs and provide a new perspective on designing customized intervention systems. The outcome of this research provides practical implications regarding the design of in-vehicle anger intervention systems for the automotive industry to reduce drivers’ anger and improve driving safety.     

Species composition and plant traits: Characterization of the biogeomorphological succession within contrasting river corridors

Plant communities and dynamics can be characterized according to species composition or plant traits. Here, we used species composition and plant traits to compare their effectiveness in discriminating the biogeomorphological (involving reciprocal feedbacks between physical and biological processes) and ecological (mainly biologically driven) phases of the fluvial biogeomorphological succession (FBS) model. The comparison was done between two French rivers, the largely unchannelized lower Allier and the channelized middle Garonne. One reach representative of each river section was selected for the study. Within each river reach, we chose two contrasted study sites in terms of channel and floodplain dynamics: a reference site (least altered channel and floodplain dynamics) and an altered site (laterally stabilized by riprap and constrained). In the four study sites, we sampled vegetation in 402 plots of 4 m². The 512 species identified in the plots were characterized in terms of plant traits (20) from a literature review. When comparing reaches in unconstrained ordinations and permutational multivariate analyses of variance, both species composition and plant traits led to a similar identification of the biogeomorphological and the ecological successional trajectories. Nevertheless, the trait approach was less influenced by local and regional bioclimatic, hydrogeomorphological, and anthropogenic settings and thus produced a more comprehensive and general classification of the biogeomorphological and ecological phases of the FBS model. A lower than expected contrast between the four sites was found, because neither species composition nor plant traits could entirely characterize distinct successional trajectories occurring in our reference or altered sites. Furthermore, our results contributed to a better understanding of the multiple successional trajectories that can occur in midlatitude river corridors. It also showed that relating plant traits to their effects on fluvial landform dynamics remains a core challenge in explaining succession including feedback mechanisms between hydrology, morphodynamics, and vegetation dynamics.     

Impact of Incision of Gravel‐bed Rivers on Ground Beetle Assemblages

The impact of river incision induced by channelization and gravel mining on the structure of ground beetle assemblages in riparian habitats was investigated on three montane rivers in southern Poland. Ground beetles were collected on three benches of different elevation in 11 incised and 14 vertically stable cross sections of the rivers. In total, 5821 individuals representing 106 species were collected. The effect of river incision on the diversity and abundance of ground beetles depended on bench height. Only on the lowest bench, inundated about once per year on average, species richness of the assemblages was significantly reduced in incised river cross sections. On this bench, the abundance of the specialists of exposed riverine sediments, i.e. small and medium‐sized predators with high dispersal power and spring breeding strategy, was highly negatively affected by river incision. On the highest bench, large, brachypterous species with spring and autumn breeding strategy, typical of undisturbed habitats, were more abundant in incised cross sections. As this bench is practically not subjected to flooding even in vertically stable cross sections, these species probably benefited from the occurrence of riparian forest along most incised river sections, whereas the riparian areas along vertically stable sections are subjected to higher agricultural pressure. This study shows that in the mountain region where high precipitation helps to maintain moisture of the riparian habitats, river incision has a negative impact only on the specialists of exposed riverine sediments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.