A genetic algorithm for solving the fixed-charge transportation model: Two-stage problem

Transportation of goods in a supply chain from plants to customers through distribution centers (DCs) is modeled as a two-stage distribution problem in the literature. In this paper we propose genetic algorithms to solve a two-stage transportation problem with two different scenarios. The first scenario considers the per-unit transportation cost and the fixed cost associated with a route, coupled with unlimited capacity at every DC. The second scenario considers the opening cost of a distribution center, per-unit transportation cost from a given plant to a given DC and the per-unit transportation cost from the DC to a customer. Subsequently, an attempt is made to represent the two-stage fixed-charge transportation problem (Scenario-1) as a single-stage fixed-charge transportation problem and solve the resulting problem using our genetic algorithm. Many benchmark problem instances are solved using the proposed genetic algorithms and performances of these algorithms are compared with the respective best existing algorithms for the two scenarios. The results from computational experiments show that the proposed algorithms yield better solutions than the respective best existing algorithms for the two scenarios under consideration.     

小湾水电站混凝土生产和运输系统精细化管理

通过细化标准化作业程序,提高设备运行效率,取得了良好的成效,确保了小湾工程混凝土浇筑过程中的持续高强度的实现。     

VISSIM在交通工程专业实验教学中的应用

微观交通仿真是交通工程专业实验教学的重要内容,VISSIM则是现代交通仿真教学的首选软件之一.为了使学生更好的了解各种城市交通条件下城市交通系统的运行状况,以及评价交通工程设计和城市规划方案,研究利用VISSIM构建模拟的城市交通系统,通过VISSIM软件建立并运行交通仿真模型,输出仿真录像和延误、流量、速度等评价指标,并以城市交通系统评价为例,阐述了VISSIM在交通工程专业实验教学中及在交通工程设计方案评价中的应用.     

Energy flux characteristics of seismic waves at the interface between soil layers with different saturations

Based on the multiphase poroelasticity theory describing the propagation of waves in the unsaturated fluid-saturated porous medium, the reflection and transmission coefficients of the seismic waves at the interface between soil layers with different saturations are obtained. Our unsaturated model consists of a deformable skeleton in which two compressible and viscous fluids (i.e., water and gas) flow in the interstices. Three compressional waves (i.e., P1, P2, and P3 waves) and one shear (i.e., S wave) wave exist in the unsaturated soils. The expressions for the energy ratios of the various reflected and transmitted waves at the interface during the transmission and reflection processes are presented in explicit forms accordingly. At last, numerical computations are performed and the results obtained are respectively depicted graphically. The variation of the energy ratios with the incident angle, wave frequency and saturation degrees of the upper and lower soil layers is illustrated in detail. The calculation results show that the allocation of incident seismic waves at the interface is influenced not only by the angle and frequency of the incident seismic waves, but also by the saturations of the upper and lower soil layers. It is also verified that, at the interface, the sum of energy ratios of the reflected and transmitted waves is approximately equal to unity as was expected. This study is of importance to several fields such as geotechnical engineering, seismology, and geophysics.     

锅炉过热器/再热器管道热流密度的评估方法

通过建立数值模型进行编程计算,分析了锅炉过热器/再热器管道在不同的管道几何尺寸、烟气温度、蒸汽流量和温度下,各个界面热流密度的变化情况。通过回归分析得到了热流密度与管道内壁侧氧化层厚度和运行时间的关系表达式,即热流密度的评估关系式。     

基于AMR传感器的车辆检测算法

深入研究了各向异性磁阻(AMR)传感器的数据采集原理和特征波形向量提取方法,提出了一种基于AMR传感器的车辆检测算法:自适应状态机的车辆检测算法。该算法可以自适应地更新阈值和基线,利用状态机,达到对车辆的准确和高效的检测。可以用于检测道路交通车流量,也可以应用在大型停车场的车辆诱导系统。     

Prediction of parking space availability in real time

Intelligent parking reservation (IPR) systems allow customers to select a parking facility according to their preferences, rapidly park their vehicle without searching for a free stall, and pay their reservation in advance avoiding queues. Some IPR systems interact with in-vehicle navigation systems and provide users with information in real time such as capacity, parking fee, and current parking utilization. However, few of these systems provide information on the forecast utilization at specific hours - a process that requires the study of the competition between parking alternatives for the market share. This paper proposes a methodology for predicting real-time parking space availability in IPR architectures. This methodology consists of three subroutines to allocate simulated parking requests, estimate future departures, and forecast parking availability. Parking requests are allocated iteratively using an aggregated approach as a function of simulated drivers’ preferences, and parking availability. This approach is based on a calibrated discrete choice model for selecting parking alternatives. A numerical comparison between a one-by-one simulation-based forecast and the proposed aggregated approach indicates that no significant discrepancies exists, validating and suggesting the use of the less time consuming proposed aggregated methodology. Results obtained from contrasting predictions with real data yielded small average error availabilities. The forecast improves as the system registers arrivals and departures. Thus, the forecast is adequate for potential distribution in real-time using different media such as Internet, navigation systems, cell phones or GIS.     

水煤浆管道输送模型

本文介绍了描述加压气化用水煤浆管道流动性能的数学模型－Ｍｅｔｚｎｅｒ－Ｒｅｅｄ通用计算法。在试验范围内（Ｒｅ＇＝１６．８￣１７６０），用该模型处理２８５个实验数据的平均相对误差为６．９６％，管道输送试验可评价各种水煤浆的管道流动性能并提供管道输送参数。     

一种矩形微米流道的加工与流量测定

介绍了一种比较成熟的矩形微米流道(微槽道)加工工艺,利用厚胶光刻工艺在硅片上制备胶模板,进而在该模板上用高分子聚合物PDMS(Polydimethylsiloxane,聚二甲基硅氧烷)制作了微米量级的微槽道(高、宽范围20~100μm),对制备的微槽道的几何精确度进行了20×100倍放大显微观测,对其流量特性进行了实验测定.实验结果与泊肃叶理论公式(NS方程的管流表达式)相对比,可以看到在微米量级的矩形微流道中,泊肃叶公式仍然适用.     

一类带配送中心运输问题的容量扩张模型研究

运输问题一般采用表上作业法来解决，考虑一类带配送中心的运输问题，若仍采用表上作业法，会使问题复杂化，文中采用一种构造辅助网络的方法：在运输网络中将每个配送中心均拆分成2个点，连接两点形成新弧，构造出新的网络，并给每条弧赋予参数，将此类运输问题转换为最小费用流模型来解决，可以使问题模型和运算简单化．在此基础上，考虑运输网络中配送中心和边的容量扩张问题．