湿法磷酸装置三废治理新进展

湿法磷酸装置排放的三废对环境危害较大 ,尤其是废水治理长期以来尚未得到全面控制。阐述了某新建的湿法磷酸装置从工艺流程上通盘考虑 ,采用多次串级利用 ,实现污水全封闭、零排放的流程 ,达到了由清到浊、由冷到热 ,多次利用、自身消化 ,实现平衡、避免污染的目的 ,并介绍了废气和废渣治理的新措施。指出应坚持精心操作和维护 ,巩固已取得的三废治理成果     

利用C++Builder对处理ESCR数据方法的改进

介绍一种利用C＋＋Builder编程工具自动处理聚乙烯环境应力开裂(ESCR)试验数据的方法。此方法利用计算机简化试验数据的处理过程,消除标准试验方法中作图法所引入的人为误差,并可以大幅度缩短试验时间。     

PVA-based activated carbon fibers with lotus root-like axially porous structure

A novel method was developed for the fabrication of activated carbon fiber (ACF) with wet spinning polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers as the precursors. Through a combination of preoxidation, dehydration, carbonization and activation under a certain tension, PVA-based ACFs (PVA-ACFs) with high yields and good mechanical properties were obtained. The surface and cross-section morphologies, pore structures, surface geometries, surface functional groups and crystal structures of the PVA-ACFs were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, low temperature nitrogen adsorption, Fourier transformed infrared spectrophotometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray power diffraction. All the PVA-ACF samples prepared had lotus root-like axially meso- and macroporous structures with the domination of micropores. Fractal geometries of PVA-ACFs deduced from nitrogen adsorption isotherms indicates that capillary force dominated in the interactions between nitrogen and the PVA-ACFs. The surface functional groups of the PVA-ACFs depend on the activating agents. Graphitoidal crystal structures were observed for the PVA-ACFs. The small crystal size and short range ordering between the crystallites ensured a high specific surface area of the PVA-ACFs.     

过磷酸钙含氟尾气处理的新方法

对动态泡沫床处理过磷酸钙含氟尾气的有关技术及费用作了说明 ,指出该方法费用高 ;提出一种新方法 ,该方法不加任何化学助剂 ,采用水作吸收剂 ,只需改变动态泡沫床一些设计参数和选用一种特殊的喷头 (喷头周围设计 1个圆锥形死角区 ,使含氟气体不可能进入该区 )避免了硅胶堵塞。该方法已在湖南浦市化工总厂运行 1年多未发现堵塞 ,同时该法投资少、能耗低、排放尾气达标     

Feedback PID-like fuzzy controller for pH regulatory control near the equivalence point

In this research the use of a feedback PID-like fuzzy controller scheme for pH control is presented to deal with instability problems near the equivalence point in neutralization processes. State space analysis of the titration curves and a fuzzy clustering algorithm based on calculating a measure of potential derived from the square distance of the pH data are complementary applied to define the membership structure and the fuzzy sets of the controller. To test the performance of the controller, both simulated and experimental runs were used. The fuzzy controller was tested for compensating step-change perturbations of propionic acidic flow rates, propionic acid concentration, and buffering conditions. Stationary cycling behavior has been observed for large loads of acidic flow rates. It was found that though the rejection time was strongly dependent on the mean residence time of the liquid solutions, the proposed controller keep the neutralization process operating close to the specified set point of pH = 7.     

碳纤维经氧等离子/KH550处理后的表面形态和结构

碳纤维(CF)表面经氧等离子、KH550和 LiAlH_4处理后,其物理和化学性能得以改善.由于提高了 CF 和树脂间的联结,使 CF 复合材料的层间剪切强度提高50%以上,在湿热下的强度保留率达94%以上.使用纤维接触角测定仪,SEM 和 XPS 等对 CF 表面的浸润性、形态和化学组成进行了研究.实验指出:CF 经等离子和 KH550处理后,其临界表面能有了提高;CF 本身仅受氧离子刻蚀,故其拉伸强度的损失小于其他处理方法.     

卡尔曼滤波在核脉冲全谱数据采集系统中的应用

针对核脉冲全谱数据采集技术中采用的深度加权滤波法在数据量少时平滑效果差、滞后大的缺点,设计了卡尔曼滤波算法替代传统滤波算法进行解谱的方案。滤波算法首先根据信号与噪声的状态空间模型,建立状态方程和测量方程,然后根据广义卡尔曼滤波对测量方程进行更新,最后根据现场的标准刻度井测量数据确定测量矩阵,对测量数据进行滤波。实测结果表明,该滤波算法相对于传统滤波算法,能够消除谱图的统计涨落,提高光滑度,遏制滞后,并保证滤波后曲线不失真。     

NiCr薄膜微加热器在低温环境下的电学特性研究

设计了一种适用于深低温环境的微型加热器。使用AC磁控溅射技术将NiCr(80/20 at.%)合金沉积到SiO2/Si基底上,并采用微加工工艺实现薄膜图形化,作为加热器的加热元件。研究了NiCr薄膜的电学性能和晶体结构与退火条件之间的关系。实验表明:在450℃氮气环境下退火30min,可以获得深低温性能优良的NiCr加热器。该加热器在20K时的电阻温度系数(TCR)为80.80×10-6/K。X射线衍射(XRD)分析显示NiCr薄膜在450℃氮气环境下退火后,薄膜的结晶度增大,因此,退火条件对薄膜的电阻率和电阻温度系数有较大的影响。     

应用静电纺丝法制备PZT纳米纤维薄膜

提出应用静电纺丝法制备PZT纳米纤维薄膜。研究中配制PZT溶液后再进行静电纺丝,获得了PZT纳米纤维薄膜,并且通过调整纺丝时间和沉积次数来控制纳米纤维薄膜的厚度。运用SEM对获得的热处理前后的薄膜进行了观察对比,测量其平均直径约为200 nm;运用XRD对退火后的样品进行分析,测得样品的主要成分为Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3,证明所制备的正是PZT薄膜;运用AFM测得薄膜的表面粗糙度为1.034 nm,说明该纳米薄膜材料非常的均匀整齐。     

有源电力滤波器在工业供电系统中的应用

目前我国工业供电系统中越来越多地使用电力电子设备,这些设备会导致供电系统谐波含量增多,电能质量下降,并对其他用电设备造成不良影响。鉴于此,本文阐述了电网谐波抑制的重要性、紧迫性及谐波抑制方法,分析了有源滤波器的工作原理,并通过具体实例介绍其应用情况。