Assessing the impact of non-ideal optical factors on optimized solar dish collector system with mirror rearrangement

An optimized solar dish collector (OPSDC) system was proposed in our previous work, which can achieve excellent the optical efficiency and flux uniformity under ideal optics. On this basis, the impacts of the non-ideal optical factors on the optical performance of OPSDC system with a cylindrical and conical receiver are studied in detail and compared with the conventional solar dish collector (COSDC) system in this paper. Where the non-ideal optical factors considered are relatively comprehensive, including the mirror slope error, tracking error, installation error of the mirror and receiver, and receiver's absorptivity degeneration. An optical model with the non-ideal optical factors is built in detail by the ray tracing method, and the corresponding ray tracing codes are developed and verified by literatures and optical software OptisWorks 2012. The results show that the OPSDC system not only has a significantly smaller peak local concentration ratio (LCR) and non-uniformity factor than the COSDC system under the same non-ideal optical factor, but also has excellent optical performance. This means that OPSDC system can effectively avoid the heat absorber generating high-temperature hot spots, thus significantly improving its working reliability and service lifetime. In addition, the tracking error, installation error of the receiver and mirror all lead to the increase of the peak LCR and non-uniform factor, while the mirror slope error and absorber's absorptivity degeneration are conducive to reducing the peak LCR and non-uniform factor. This work can provide a reference for error control of COSDC system and OPSDC system in manufacturing, installation and operation.     

基于亚像素边缘检测的纱线条干均匀度测量

为了精确地评价纱线的表观条干均匀性,提出一种基于亚像素边缘检测的纱线条干均匀度检测方法。首先通过图像采集装置获取纱线图像;然后对纱线图像进行亚像素边缘检测获取纱线边缘点集;利用开运算对获取的边缘点集进行处理,进而获得纱线条干的边缘;最后采用坐标直方图方法计算纱线平均直径和条干CV值。为验证方法的有效性和准确性,对多种不同线密度的纯棉纱线进行测试,并将测试结果与电容式条干仪的均匀度检测及基于模糊C均值分类和Otsu图像法的检测结果进行了对比。结果表明:基于亚像素边缘检测的纱线条干均匀度检测方法与电容式的测量结果有着较好的一致性,证明所提方法可得到准确的结果。     

膨胀梗粒在烟支中的有效利用率及分布均匀性

利用乙醇悬浮法测定了膨胀梗粒在烟丝中的掺配比例为5%,10%,15%和20%时的有效利用率及其在烟支中的分布均匀性,结果表明:在试验范围内,①在掺配比例20%以内,膨胀梗粒在烟支中含量的变异系数小于5%,说明其在烟支中分布均匀性较好;②随着膨胀梗粒在卷烟配方中掺配比例的增加,其在卷烟中含量的标准偏差增大,即随着掺配比例的增加,膨胀梗粒在烟支中的分布均匀性呈下降趋势;③随着膨胀梗粒在卷烟配方中掺配比例的增加,其有效利用率降低。     

强化微量营养素在配方奶粉生产中的工艺控制

通过对配方奶粉生产中强化的微量营养素所采取的添加工艺进行分析探讨，最终确定了微量营养素的最佳添加方法和工艺参数，减少生产中的加工损失，保证产品中微量营养素的含量符合要求。根据所强化的微量营养素的物理、化学性质，从营养素的溶解度、热稳定性、最终产品中的均匀度等几个方面进行分析，对添加量、工艺参数进行控制，达到科学的控制产品中微量营养素的含量的目的。     

过共晶铝硅（AC9B）光谱标准样品的研制

阐述了过共晶铝硅（AC9B）光谱标准样品的研制过程。通过试验和研究,确定了Ca、P、Na等微量元素的加入方法、过共晶变质剂的使用以及特殊高硅合金均匀性保障技术。经生产试用,各元素达到设计指标,满足了国内外各大厂家在调整、校对光谱仪时对标准样品的需求。其主要技术指标已达国际同类标样先进水平。     

一种用于检测薄膜均匀性的光谱方法

介绍了一种新的简单有效的薄膜均匀性信息获取方法,该方法基于我们先前提出的纳米薄膜厚度精确测量方法,它通过检测镀制在含有过渡层的衬底上不同位置的薄膜的光谱,并由其干涉峰间的差异获取薄膜的均匀性信息.与传统方法相比,该方法无需直接测量薄膜的厚度,减少了测量膜厚带来的误差和影响,因而可以快速得出薄膜均匀性结论.该方法操作方便...     

船用柴油机选择性催化还原系统设计及试验验证

结合船用中速柴油机开展选择性催化还原(selective catalytic reduction,SCR)系统的设计和性能试验验证,着重关注还原剂均匀分布、排气均匀度、系统稳定可靠控制及催化剂布置等方面,形成适用于船用环境的SCR系统设计方案.基于6L21/31中速柴油机D2以及E3循环工况开展SCR系统配机试验,结果...     

新型碱性精抛液对300mm铜膜全局平坦化的影响

The copper removal rate and uniformity of two types copper slurries were investigated, which was performed on the 300 mm chemical mechanical planarization （CMP） platform. The experiment results illustrate that the removal rate of the two slurries is nearly the same. Slurry A is mainly composed ofa FA/OI1 type chelating agent and the uniformity reaches to 88.32%. While the uniformity of slurry B is 96.68%, which is mainly composed of a FA/OV type chelating agent. This phenomenon demonstrates that under the same process conditions, the uniformity of different slurries is vastly different. The CMP performance was evaluated in terms of the dishing and erosion values. In this paper, the relationship between the uniformity and the planarization was deeply analyzed, which is mainly based on the endpoint detection mechanism. The experiment results reveal that the slurry with good uniformity has low dishing and erosion. The slurry with bad uniformity, by contract, increases Cu dishing significantly and causes copper loss in the recessed region. Therefore, the following conclusions are drawn： slurry B can improve the wafer leveling efficiently and minimize the resistance and current density along the line, which is helpful to improve the device yield and product reliability. This investigation provides a guide to improve the uniformity and achieve the global and local planarization. It is very significant to meet the requirements for 22 nm technology nodes and control the dishing and erosion efficiently.     

新型整流喷嘴式分流器最佳入口工况数值模拟

目的:改善或尽可能消除制冷系统中节流后气液两相制冷剂在蒸发器中分配不均匀导致的制冷系统性能下降的现象。方法:基于多相流模型中的混合物模型,建立整流喷嘴式分流器的物理模型及气液两相流动的数学模型,通过CFD模拟该分流器内部的相分布情况和气液两相分离程度,分析入口工况(流速、干度)对分流器分液均匀性的影响。结果:当入口流速为1 m/s,入口干度为0.2时,流型逐步趋于稳定,形成对称的环形流,分流器在此工况下整体不均匀度达到最小值,分流效果最优。结论:在对分流器结构进行优化的基础上,通过调整入口工况至最佳可进一步优化流型,形成对称环形流实现均匀分液。     

三偏心蝶阀密封应力均匀性的数值仿真

本文对三偏心蝶阀密封面接触问题进行了非线性有限元分析。在密封副不干涉的基础上,对三偏心蝶阀密封副的接触密封进行了静态数值仿真;并重点阐明了轴向偏心、径向偏心、角偏心对密封应力分布均匀性的影响。研究对降低阀门的关闭力矩,进一步提高三偏心蝶阀的使用寿命有指导意义。