The impacts of a GTL plant on Brazil's oil products supply and refinery expansion

This paper assesses the impacts of a GTL plant on the expansion of Brazil's oil refining segment. The GTL plant (50,000 bpd) was sized to start up operations in 2015, producing diesel and naphtha through the indirect route (FT-synthesis). This plant will consume the non-associated natural gas production from the recent discoveries at the Santos Basin (around 419 Bm³), and the associated gas production from the Campos Basin. Both basins are located in the Southeast of Brazil, the most populated, rich and industrialized region of the country. Two different criteria for refinery expansion were simulated in order to meet oil product demand scenarios. Findings show that depending on the refinery expansion criteria considered GTL will play a fundamental hole to meet the oil product demand forecast to Brazil in the next 10 years.     

Retaining maximum antioxidative potency of wheat germ oil refined by molecular distillation

A process of physical refining wheat germ oil using the technique of molecular distillation (MD) is presented in this work. Wheat germ oil was obtained from the germ by solvent extraction using hexane and also by cold pressing. The oil extracted with hexane was degummed and bleached before deacidification in order to modify the parameters of phosphorus and color. The goal in carrying out the stage of physical refining by MD was to preserve the maximum amount of original antioxidative potential obtained from extraction of the crude oil. The effect of evaporation temperature of one‐stage MD on the efficiency of free fatty acid elimination was studied. The antioxidant portion was followed by means of analytic determination of tocopherols by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Tocopherol retention up to 98% was achieved in the oil extracted by pressing, and yields of up to 96% were achieved in the oil extracted with hexane. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

企业以顾客为中心的营销策略过程研究

试图构建企业以顾客为中心的营销策略过程的一般模型，并利用已有的研究成果对其构成要素进行了深入分析．在此基础上，对此模型所形成的企业营销策略循环进行分类分析，并以实例说明它们所代表的现实意义，从而为企业的决策提供帮助．     

真空相变锅炉低排烟温度设计与低温腐蚀

真空相变锅炉是否会明显发生烟气低温腐蚀，一直众说不一。文章从锅炉发生低温腐蚀的机理人手，通过理论分析计算并通过实践检验，提出了真空相变锅炉虽然不能完全避免低温腐蚀问题，但不论排烟温度是否高于烟气露点，低温腐蚀的程度都很弱的观点；给出了真空相变锅炉沿烟气流程金属壁面的腐蚀速度与壁面温度的关系曲线，和烟气温度低于酸露点时金属壁面的腐蚀速度与壁面温度的关系曲线；同时，文章推荐真空相变锅炉的设计排烟温度取130℃左右的低排烟温度。根据上述观点设计的数百台产品已经过多年实际运行，未发现明显     

给水泵密封水系统对机组真空的影响

介绍了银川热电厂二期工程投运一年以后,多次出现凝汽器真空缓慢下降的现象。在机组系统严密性试验合格的前提下,经多次观察,发现是给水泵密封水系统漏空气造成的。在采取了一些相应措施后,解决了这个问题。     

Wettability of Lithium by Liquid Sodium, Potassium and Rubidium

The wettability of the lithium surface by liquid alkali metals Na, K and Rb is investigated for the first time by the sessile drop method in an all-soldered instrument under conditions of a high vacuum. The presence of the temperature threshold of wetting is found in Li–Na and Li–K systems at temperatures of 325°C and 160°C, respectively. A conclusion is drawn that an abrupt decrease in wetting angles in the investigated systems is associated with a marked decrease in the interfacial tension at lithium-lithium, lithium-potassium, and lithium--rubidium interfaces owing to the beginning of a noticeable mutual solubility of the components at relatively high temperatures.     

A three‐dimensional model describing stress‐temperature induced solid phase transformations: solution algorithm and boundary value problems

An always increasing knowledge on material properties as well as a progressively more sophisticated production technology make shape memory alloys (SMA) extremely interesting for the industrial world. At the same time, SMA devices are typically characterized by complex multi‐axial stress states as well as non‐homogeneous and non‐isothermal conditions both in space and time. This aspect suggests the finite element method as a useful tool to help and improve application design and realization. With this aim, we focus on a three‐dimensional macroscopic thermo‐mechanical model able to reproduce the most significant SMA features (Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 2002; 55 : 1255–1264), proposing a simple modification of such a model. However, the suggested modification allows the development of a time‐discrete solution algorithm, which is more effective and robust than the one previously discussed in the literature. We verify the computational tool ability to simulate realistic mechanical boundary value problems with prescribed temperature dependence, studying three SMA applications: a spring actuator, a self‐expanding stent, a coupling device for vacuum tightness. The effectiveness of the model to solve thermo‐mechanical coupled problems will be discussed in a forthcoming work. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

常减压蒸馏装置换热网络的节能优化

利用夹点技术理论对耗能严重的某炼油厂常减压蒸馏装置进行用能诊断分析;并结合热力学原理得到两种优化换热网络,节能效果显著。     

Mapping Turbidity, Surface Temperature and Water Circulation Patterns with the Aid of Satellite Imagery

Water turbidity, surface temperature and circulation of Barton and Wroxham Broads, two of the Norfolk Broads, were studied using one reflective (TM1) and the thermal (TM6) TM band. The results indicated that the through-flowing path of the River Ant in Barton Broad is the major influence on the distribution of these parameters. In Wroxham Broad, both turbidity and surface temperature displayed a uniform distribution. This could be explained by the absence of a predominant direction of flow.