多元热流体返出气增产技术研究

海上油田利用多元热流体热采技术开采稠油取得了较好的效果,但在多元热流体吞吐热采生产期间,大量气体的产出增加了生产流程的负荷,同时这类气体的释放是一种能量的浪费。通过对多元热流体吞吐井的返出气成分进行分析,研究返出气对原油的影响,探索了一套多元热流体综合利用技术。将多元热流体返出气注入到井组中,利用类似烟道气驱替的作用来提高井组的采收率,提升多元热流体技术的经济附加值,发挥多元热流体技术独一无二的技术和经济优势,达到降本增效的目的。     

生物炭吸附重金属污染物的研究进展

生物炭作为新型吸附剂,其物理化学特性以及其对环境中的重金属污染物的吸附固定被广泛研究。本文主要对生物炭的表征、特性以及其对重金属污染物的吸附固定的机理研究进展进行综述,并扼要对生物炭的研究方向进行了展望,为未来生物炭的应用提供一定的思路。通过文献总结,我们发现重金属在生物炭上的吸附机理的研究仍然存在矛盾之处;生物炭本身重金属毒性的释放研究是未来生物炭还田应用的研究方向;利用化学手段对生物炭进行化学修饰,以提高其吸附的有效性和针对性是在节能环保的前提下,未来生物炭发展的新方向。     

大型水库热分层的水质响应特征与成因分析

为研究大型水库热分层期间水质的响应特征及成因,于2018年4月-2018年12月对大黑汀水库坝前水体的水温及溶解氧等理化指标进行了连续性垂向监测,在此基础上分析了大黑汀水库季节性热分层变化规律以及各水质指标的响应特征.结果表明:(1)大黑汀水库水体呈典型的单循环混合模式,热分层期间,溶解氧在垂向分布同样表现出季节性变化...     

液化砂土地基刚度恢复过程的振动台试验

地震来临时,饱和砂土地基在强烈的地面运动作用下可能发生液化现象,导致土体散失刚度和承载能力;另一方面,当地震停止后,伴随着超孔隙水压的消散和有效应力的增加,地基的刚度又会逐渐恢复。本文针对液化地基的刚度恢复过程进行了振动台试验研究。首先通过振动加载使砂土地基液化,然后在振动停止后通过锤击振动台底板在地基内部产生剪切波,并通过测量剪切波速的变化获得土体剪切模量的变化过程。试验结果表明,地基内部的刚度恢复过程与超孔隙水压的消散过程及有效应力的增长过程完全同步,并且剪切模量的增长与有效应力的增加呈现良好线性关系。本研究利用相同的输入波对同一地基进行了三次连续加载,发现随着加载次数的增加,模型地基液化后的刚度恢复过程也逐步加快。     

羟基磷酸钙结晶法回收大型水生植物发酵液中磷酸盐研究

为有效回收大型水生植物发酵液中磷,选择挺水植物西伯利亚鸢尾(Iris sibirica L.)和圆币草(Hydrocotyle vulgaris)进行发酵试验,分析不同pH值下发酵液中磷回收的效率和纯度,探索羟基磷酸钙(hydroxyapatite,HAP)结晶法回收水生植物发酵液中磷酸盐的可能性。结果表明:西伯利亚鸢尾和圆币草发酵液中钙磷摩尔数比分别为2.7和10,镁磷比分别为1.4和1.6,适合采用HAP法回收磷酸盐。不同水生植物发酵液调节pH值回收磷曲线相似,在pH为8.5时西伯利亚鸢尾和圆币草发酵液磷酸盐回收率分别达到89%和91%,产生的羟基磷酸钙沉降性能良好。X射线荧光光谱分析分析结果表明pH为8.5时沉淀物中P2O5质量分数超过25%,羟基磷酸钙为主要成分。pH调节超过8.5后沉淀物中碳酸钙含量会随着pH上升而不断增加,影响羟基磷酸钙的纯度,因此,回收磷酸盐适合的pH值为8.5。     

铜铝异种金属激光焊接焊缝成形和组织

用IPG YLS-1500型光纤激光器对TU1镀镍无氧铜和6061铝合金进行激光搭接焊试验,探究焊缝成型及显微组织,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)观察并分析接头的组织形貌。结果表明:接头成型良好,铜铝充分融合,焊缝横截面处有明显的铝向铜侧扩散。铝侧熔合线到焊缝中心,先形成珊瑚状的亚共晶组织Al₂Cu+Al Cu,而后是平行排列的板条状Al₂Cu和块状Al Cu,最后为紧密排列的块状Al Cu和Al₄Cu₉。由于熔池溶液的流动,熔池中出现了不规则的"T"形晶粒。接头的剪切力达铜母材拉伸力的43.0%,为脆性断裂,接头内生成的Al₂Cu和Al₃Cu₄金属化合物是导致裂纹扩展的主要原因。     

加压浸出法从失效重整催化剂中分离铂铼

失效铂铼催化剂中铂铼性质相似,难以分离,采用碳酸钠加压浸出选择性分离铼,研究了浸出条件对铼浸出效率的影响.在反应温度为160℃,反应时间为150 min,浸出剂碳酸钠用量为物料量的8％,搅拌速率为500 r/min,液固比为4:1,反应压力为0.5 MPa的条件下,铼浸出率98.5％,铂基本不溶解而留在渣中,实现铂和铼...     

基于自主管理机制的网格监测系统故障诊断与恢复

为了使网格监测系统能够自主地处理自身的故障、应对复杂多变的网格环境,基于自主组织、管理机制和自主计算技术中的自修复、自愈等思想,R-Net监测系统(RNMS)对监测系统故障的探测、诊断、处理和恢复进行了研究,并把重点放在节点组的故障恢复上.实现了网格监测系统故障诊断与恢复机制,使得监测系统能够无需管理人员的参与、自主地处理一些常见的故障,降低了系统维护的复杂性和成本,增加了系统的易用性和可靠性.     

Engineering and microstructure properties of contaminated marine sediments solidified by high content of incinerated sewage sludge ash

Management of incinerated sewage sludge ash(ISSA) and dredged contaminated marine sediments(CMSs) is a great challenge for Hong Kong and other coastal cities due to limited landfilling capacity.The present study investigates the use of high content(20% of sediment by mass) of ISSA in combination with cement/lime for solidification/stabilization(S/S) treatment of CMSs to provide a way to reuse the wastes as construction materials.The results showed that ISSA being a porous material was able to absorb a large amount of water rendering a more efficient solidification process of the marine sediment which normally had a very high water content(～80%).The S/S treatment improved the engineering properties of the sediment,but reduced the workability,especially for the lime-treated samples.Lime can be used to replace ordinary Portland cement(OPC) for better heavy metal immobilization and carbon emission reduction.The hardened sediment samples prepared with 10% of lime and 20% of ISSA could attain a strength of 1.6 MPa after 28 d of curing.In addition,leaching tests confirmed that there was no environmental risk induced by these stabilized materials.The formation of hydrated cementitious compounds including calcium silicate hydrate(C-S-H)/calcium aluminate silicate hydrate(C-A-S-H)/hydrocalumite/calcite was mainly responsible for the strength development in the ISSA/lime-treated sediments.     

NSAID-Based Coordination Compounds for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances and Developments

After the serendipitous discovery of cisplatin, a platinum-based drug with chemotherapeutic effects, an incredible amount of research in the area of coordination chemistry has been produced. Other transition metal compounds were studied, and several new relevant metallodrugs have been synthetized in the past few years. This review is focused on coordination compounds with first-row transition metals, namely, copper, cobalt, nickel or manganese, or with zinc, which have potential or effective pharmacological properties. It is known that metal complexes, once bound to organic drugs, can enhance the drugs’ biological activities, such as anticancer, antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory ones. NSAIDs are a class of compounds with anti-inflammatory properties used to treat pain or fever. NSAIDs’ properties can be strongly improved when included in complexes using their compositional N and O donor atoms, which facilitate their coordination to metal ions. This review focuses on the research on this topic and on the promising or effective results that complexes of first-row transition metals and NSAIDs can exhibit.