非理想配比二氧化钒薄膜喇曼光谱研究

采用射频(RF)磁控溅射在各种条件下制备的VO2薄膜的喇曼光谱曲线.研究发现,和理想配比VO2薄膜的主要喇曼峰相比较,无论是富钒的VO2薄膜还是富氧的VO2薄膜它们主要的喇曼峰都向高频方向移动.我们提供了实验证据并且讨论了非理想配比导致VO2薄膜喇曼光谱变化的原因.     

钛合金中钒元素看谱分析方法研究

使用光栅看谱镜和棱镜看谱镜研究了钛合金中V元素看谱分析用可见光谱线特征,计算机模拟了V和Ti元素的可见光谱图,摄制了彩色图谱.研究了钛合金中V元素的V437.92 nm、V459.41 nm和 V485.15 nm等分析谱线组的特征,给出了分析用谱图和半定量分析用强度标志.研究了钛合金中V元素的看谱分析方法,进行了牌号鉴别应用研究.结果可用于钛合金和其他合金中V元素的定性分析、半定量分析,满足生产现场材料牌号鉴别的需要.     

Effect of Fe-doping followed by C+SiO2 hybrid layer coating on Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode material for lithium-ion batteries

A novel Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ composite modified with Fe-doping followed by C+SiO₂ hybrid layer coating (LVFP/C-Si) is successfully synthesized via an ultrasonic-assisted solid-state method, and characterized by XRD, XPS, TEM, galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements, CV and EIS. This LVFP/C-Si electrode shows a significantly improved electrochemical performance. It presents an initial discharge capacity as high as 170.8 mA h g⁻¹ at 1 C, and even delivers an excellent initial capacity of 153.6 mA h g⁻¹ with capacity retention of 82.3% after 100 cycles at 5 C. The results demonstrate that this novel modification with doping followed by hybrid layer coating is an ideal design to obtain both high capacity and long cycle performance for Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ and other polyanion cathode materials in lithium ion batteries.     

含钒粘土矿两段浸出提钒工艺

采用碱浸预处理-酸浸提钒的两段浸出工艺从含钒粘土矿中浸出钒, 考察了碱浸预处理工序中NaOH用量和浸出时间、预处理后酸浸工序中H₂SO₄用量、浸出温度、浸出时间、液固比等因素对钒浸出率的影响。碱浸预处理能部分溶解Si、Al矿物, 从而破坏含钒矿物晶体结构, 为酸浸提钒时提高钒浸出率并降低酸耗创造条件。实验结果表明, 在95 ℃温度下用20%NaOH对矿样浸出24 h后, 酸浸工序中H₂SO₄用量30%, 温度95 ℃, 液固比1.5∶1, 浸出时间12 h, 钒浸取率达到了80%以上。     

Improvement of self‐activated luminescence from introduced cation disorder in Sr6V2O11

Adjusting the elemental composition of a host is regarded to be an effective strategy to tune its luminescent properties such as peak energy, emission efficiency, and bandwidth. In this work, the cation substitution of (Ba²⁺ → Sr²⁺) in self‐activated Sr₆V₂O₁₁ was conducted to investigate the luminescence modification. All the phosphors of Sr_6‐6xBa_6xV₂O₁₁ (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) were synthesized by the traditional chemical sol‐gel method. The morphological properties were measured through scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrum measurements. The cation substitution brings out the disorder in the structure, which exerts modifications on the luminescence properties of Sr₆V₂O₁₁. The luminescence intensity and corresponding decay lifetime were enhanced with the cation disorder in the self‐activated phosphor. Cation disorder in a phosphor lattice could be one of the effective approaches to improve the luminescence efficiency.     

Hydrothermal synthesis of carbon-coated lithium vanadium phosphate

A novel hydrothermal synthesis was developed to prepare carbon-coated lithium vanadium phosphate (Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃) powders to be used as cathode material for Li-ion batteries. The structural, morphological and electrochemical properties were investigated by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and constant current charge-discharge cycling. This material exhibits high initial discharge capacity of 178, 173 and 172 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 C between 3.0 and 4.8 V, respectively. Moreover, it displays good fast rate performance, which discharge capacities of 136, 132 and 127 mAh g⁻¹ can be delivered after 100 cycles between 3.0 and 4.8 V versus Li at a different rate of 1, 2 and 5 C, respectively. For comparison, the electrochemical properties of carbon-coated lithium vanadium phosphate prepared by traditional solid-state reaction (SSR) method are also studied.     

少烟三元乙丙橡胶材料研制

以三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)为基体材料，三氧化二锑、十溴苯醚为阻燃剂制备了材料配方，试验了三氧化二锑(Sb22O3)、十溴苯醚(DBDPO))配比对材料烟雾和力学性能的影响，测试了材料的氧指数，可见光的透过率，自熄性等。结果表明，DBDPO与EPDM的相容性比较好，Sb2O3的相容性则相对比较差，两者都可以提高材料的阻燃性能。以4045EPDM橡胶为基体材料，当EPDM100g，白炭黑10g，二硫化四甲基秋兰姆(TMTD)2g，ZnO5g，促进剂M1g，硬脂酸2g，硫磺3g，Sb2O3和DBDPO质量比为20．0／40．0，可以获得具有较好力学性能的少烟EPDM橡胶材料。     

浙江嵊县硅藻土及其在钒催化剂中的应用

介绍浙江嵊县硅藻土的资源及质量，以及用该硅藻土作钒催化剂载体的研究开发。认为浙江嵊县硅藻土具有较好的物化结构，采用适当的精制工艺可大大提高其质量。用该硅藻土生产的硫酸钒催化剂具有强度高、活性好、寿命长的特点。     

连续共价有机框架筛分复合膜及全钒电池性能

设计了应用于全钒液流电池的尺寸筛分效应共价有机框架/聚醚砜(COF/PES)复合膜,利用纳米片的有序交错堆叠在聚醚砜支撑层上构建了具有均匀埃米级离子传输通道的连续COF分离层。连续COF层的规整刚性骨架赋予了膜极低的溶胀比,有序的埃米级孔道(有效孔径约为0.6 nm)对氢/钒离子具有精确的尺寸筛分作用。COF/PES筛分复合膜的钒渗透率仅有0.61×10^-8 cm^-2·s^-1,质子/钒离子选择性为Nafion 212的4.0倍。电流密度为80 mA·cm^-2下复合膜的能量效率达到82.9%,优于Nafion 212(81.2%)。100 mA·cm^-2下的长循环测试中,复合膜电池容量保持率相比于Nafion 212电池提高了16.2%,表明连续COF/PES筛分复合膜在全钒液流电池中具有广阔的应用前景。     

Solvent Extraction of Indium,Gallium, and Zinc Ions with Acidic Organophosphates having Bulky Alkyl Groups

The extraction equilibria of In³⁺, Ga³, and Zn²⁺ with bis(4‐ethylcyclohexyl)phosphoric acid (D4ECHPA), bis(4‐cyclohexylcyclohexyl)phosphoric acid (D4DCHPA), and bis(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) were investigated in acidic aqueous sulfate media. The order of extractability of metal ions is D4DCHPA > D2EHPA > D4ECHPA, which corresponds to the lipophilicity (log P) of the extractants. The separation factors, β_(In/Ga) and β_(Ga/Zn), of D4ECHPA and D4DCHPA are greater or comparable than that of D2EHPA, because of the steric hindrance of the bulky cyclohexyl groups. In³⁺ can be therefore separated from simulated liquor containing a high concentration of Zn²⁺ by D4DCHPA.