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111.
安棚深层系凝析气井射孔压井液技术研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了一种保护油气层的射孔压井液技术,该技术所用的配方具有低密度,低表面张力且具有较强的防膨能力等特点,在安棚深层系低孔低渗油田安3003等凝析气井作业中现场试验,解决了安棚深层系低压气井的水锁伤害等问题,对低孔低渗油气田作业入井流体的研究与应用具有较好的借鉴意义。 相似文献
112.
����Ȼ��Ϊ��Դ��ѹ��ʽ������ϵͳ 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以天然气为能源,用燃气机代替电动机驱动压缩机并充分利用发动机废热、工业余热以及低品位环境热量的采暖、空调装置——燃气压缩式热泵近年来发展迅速。美国燃气设备的总装机容量已达到1.2GW,日本燃气机热泵占全部燃气制冷设备的29%,总装机容量大约1GW,燃气机热泵在英国、法国、德国、瑞士等都得到了较快的发展与应用。中研究了以天然气为驱动能源的压缩式热泵的特点及能量利用率,分析并测试了该系统的运行特性及交工况特性,进行了各种工况及转速下的实验研究。结果表明,该系统具有较好的部分负荷特性、一次能源利用率及交工况特性,为一种绿色高效的供热空调系统。 相似文献
113.
世界各国(或地区)推进RFID的策略 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
杨艳秋 《信息技术与标准化》2005,(8):4-8
介绍了一些国家和地区发展RFID的政策和推进措施,总结了各国发展RFID的共性。 相似文献
114.
The combination of the chemical aggressivity of water and lead piping, as is well known, can cause severe cases of lead poisoning in those who consume such water. After a great number of observations and epidemiological studies which have strongly incriminated this metal in a wide range of pathologic conditions, other materials have been gradually substituted for lead; however, the problem remains.In compliance with a European Directive to survey the risk of lead poisoning (Council Directive, 1977), a random sample of 321 residents was selected from the Vosgian Mountains of France. This region is noted for its high incidence of cases of lead poisoning: 150 reported during 8 months in 1983 (Barbier et al., 1983).During the course of a health evaluation, a blood sample was taken from each subject for lead analysis. At the same time, a sample of tap-water (after running for 5 s) was taken from each subject home. Both lead analyses (blood and water) were performed by electrothermal atomization-atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Because of the log-normality of the distributions of the blood lead levels and the concentrations of lead in the drinking water, a logarithmic transformation was performed so that the results are expressed as the geometric mean, which for the amount of lead in the drinking water of our sample was found to be 0.16 mg l?1.Among the subjects of this study, 28% are served by water containing more than 0.10 mg l?1 of lead (the standard for France) and 48% by water containing more than 0.05 mg l?1 (the European and WHO standard). In concurrence with numerous authors, our study indicates that, among our subjects, the blood lead level is much higher in men than in women (geometric means 22.9 and 15.0 μg dl?1 respectively); this difference is highly significant (t-test:P < 0.001). Table 1 summarizes the results, by sex, obtained in this region compared with those from a study (Huel, 1982) concerning an urban French population whose geometric mean blood lead levels were 15.9 μg dl?1 for men and 11.4 μg dl?1 for women. The irrespective of sex, is highly significant (P < 0.001). Table 2 shows the significance of the relation between these subjects, high blood lead levels and the concentration of lead in their drinking water, while Fig. 1 shows that for contamination levels up to 0.02 mg l?1 of lead in water, the blood lead level remains relatively stable, while above this apparent “threshold” value, the blood lead level begins to increase finally reaching quite high values in response to high contamination levels, suggesting a direct translation of increases in the water above the 0.02 mg l?1 level to increases in the blood. 相似文献
115.
116.
楼滨乔 《核电子学与探测技术》1993,(4)
本文对最基本的HCMOS器件(反相器和与非门)作了γ辐射损伤实验。通过器件性能变化,分析了γ辐射对电路的作用。 相似文献
117.
获得了一种研究碲镉汞深能级的方法。通过分析迁移率 载子浓度与温度的关系,可以得到关于深能级的重要依据。 相似文献
118.
119.
Theory of a novel voltage-sustaining layer for power devices 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The theory of a novel voltage-sustaining layer for power devices, called a Composite Buffer layer (CB-layer for short) is proposed. The CB-layer can be implemented in several ways, one particular implementation is used here, which consists of alternating n- and p-type regions, that are parallel to the direction of the applied electric field. In the off-state, the fields induced by the depletion charges of both region types compensate each other to allowing the doping in both n-regions and p-regions to be very high without causing a reduction of the breakdown voltage. In the onstate the heavy doping ensures the voltage drop is very low and that the saturation current density high. A simple relationship between the specific on-resistance and Ron and the sustaining voltage VB can be shown to be Ron=2.53 × 10−7bVB1.23 ωcm2, where the breadth b (in μm) of each region is much smaller than the thickness W. The design method of the CB-layer is discussed in some detail. The simulation results are shown to be in perfect agreement with the theory. The structure has application to a wide variety of different power devices. An RMOST structure has been used to demonstrate the benefits of the technique in the paper, for which excellent performance is demonstrated. 相似文献
120.