全文获取类型
收费全文 | 34917篇 |
免费 | 2251篇 |
国内免费 | 1485篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 513篇 |
技术理论 | 1篇 |
综合类 | 2342篇 |
化学工业 | 19198篇 |
金属工艺 | 1394篇 |
机械仪表 | 751篇 |
建筑科学 | 225篇 |
矿业工程 | 309篇 |
能源动力 | 668篇 |
轻工业 | 1312篇 |
水利工程 | 41篇 |
石油天然气 | 1856篇 |
武器工业 | 393篇 |
无线电 | 1795篇 |
一般工业技术 | 5020篇 |
冶金工业 | 690篇 |
原子能技术 | 157篇 |
自动化技术 | 1988篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 67篇 |
2023年 | 368篇 |
2022年 | 546篇 |
2021年 | 775篇 |
2020年 | 712篇 |
2019年 | 661篇 |
2018年 | 696篇 |
2017年 | 817篇 |
2016年 | 1014篇 |
2015年 | 1028篇 |
2014年 | 1670篇 |
2013年 | 1691篇 |
2012年 | 2154篇 |
2011年 | 2679篇 |
2010年 | 2023篇 |
2009年 | 2236篇 |
2008年 | 1927篇 |
2007年 | 2492篇 |
2006年 | 2261篇 |
2005年 | 2080篇 |
2004年 | 1699篇 |
2003年 | 1569篇 |
2002年 | 1420篇 |
2001年 | 1170篇 |
2000年 | 1015篇 |
1999年 | 813篇 |
1998年 | 668篇 |
1997年 | 467篇 |
1996年 | 401篇 |
1995年 | 330篇 |
1994年 | 301篇 |
1993年 | 231篇 |
1992年 | 171篇 |
1991年 | 117篇 |
1990年 | 105篇 |
1989年 | 56篇 |
1988年 | 45篇 |
1987年 | 31篇 |
1986年 | 20篇 |
1985年 | 19篇 |
1984年 | 24篇 |
1983年 | 13篇 |
1982年 | 13篇 |
1981年 | 12篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 15篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1951年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 11 毫秒
981.
Mohamed N. Aboul-Enein Aida A. El-Azzouny Mohamed I. Attia Yousreya A. Maklad Mona E. Aboutabl Fatma Ragab Walaa H. A. Abd El-Hamid 《International journal of molecular sciences》2014,15(9):16911-16935
Synthesis and anticonvulsant potential of certain new 6-aryl-9-substituted-6,9-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8,10-diones (6a–l) and 1-aryl-4-substituted-1,4-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-diones (6m–x) are reported. The intermediates 1-[(aryl)(cyanomethyl)amino]cycloalkanecarboxamides (3a–f) were prepared via adopting Strecker synthesis on the proper cycloalkanone followed by partial hydrolysis of the obtained nitrile functionality and subsequent N-cyanomethylation. Compounds 3a–f were subjected to complete nitrile hydrolysis to give the respective carboxylic acid derivatives 4a–f which were cyclized under mild conditions to give the spiro compounds 5a–f. Ultimately, compounds 5a–f were alkylated or aralkylated to give the target compounds 6a–i and 6m–u. On the other hand, compounds 6j–l and 6v–x were synthesized from the intermediates 5a–f through alkylation, dehydration and finally tetrazole ring formation. Anticonvulsant screening of the target compounds 6a–x revealed that compound 6g showed an ED50 of 0.0043 mmol/kg in the scPTZ screen, being about 14 and 214 fold more potent than the reference drugs, Phenobarbital (ED50 = 0.06 mmol/kg) and Ethosuximide (ED50 = 0.92 mmol/kg), respectively. Compound 6e exhibited an ED50 of 0.019 mmol/kg, being about 1.8 fold more potent than that of the reference drug, Diphenylhydantoin (ED50 = 0.034 mmol/kg) in the MES screen. Interestingly, all the test compounds 6a–x did not show any minimal motor impairment at the maximum administered dose in the neurotoxicity screen. 相似文献
982.
This paper describes the synthesis of phosphorus‐containing polyester‐urethanes and their applications in nanoclay composites and coatings. Polyester was prepared by the reaction of bis(bisphenol‐A) monophenyl phosphonate, maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride. The polyester was reacted with various diols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and propylene glycol to obtain polyester polyols. Synthesized polyester polyols were characterized by chemical analysis and instrumental analysis and was used further to react with different isocyanates to develop polyester‐urethanes. The synthesized polyester‐urethanes were blended with organo‐modified montmorillonite nanoclay (1 wt%, 3 wt% and 5 wt%) and were cast in a mold and coated on mild steel panels. The thermal stability of neat polyester‐urethane and the nanoclay composites was determined by thermogravimetric analysis. The flame retardant properties of cast films and their composites were determined by the limiting oxygen index and UL‐94 test methods. The physical and mechanical properties of coatings such as pot life, drying properties, scratch hardness, pencil hardness, impact resistance, adhesion and flexibility were investigated. The chemical resistance properties of the coatings were also determined in different reagents. The data reveal that the polyester‐urethane nanoclay composites with 3 wt% clay hold promise for use in effective flame retardant coatings. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
983.
Grigor B. Bantchev Kenneth M. Doll Girma Biresaw Karl E. Vermillion 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2014,91(12):2117-2123
Reactions of epoxidized alkyl soyate with four different alcohols: ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, 2‐ethylhexanol, benzyl alcohol, in the presence of Brønsted acid catalyst, were investigated. Products, not reported in prior studies of similar reactions, were found. These were furan fatty acid alkyl esters (FFE, mixture of alkyl 8‐(5‐hexyl‐2‐furyl) octanoate and alkyl 9‐(5‐pentyl‐2‐furyl)nonanoate) which were unambiguously identified by means of GC–MS and two‐dimensional NMR. Evidence suggests that the FFE are formed by an acid‐catalyzed rearrangement of the epoxidized linoleates. The FFE were formed in presence of all four alcohols tested and in the presence of either sulfuric acid or Amberlyst 15 catalyst. Yields of up to 13 %, as quantified by GC and NMR spectroscopies, were observed. 相似文献
984.
Preparation and characterization of carboxymethyl starch under ultrasound‐microwave synergistic interaction 下载免费PDF全文
Using native cassava starch as raw materials, carboxymethyl starch (CMS) was prepared by ethanol solvent method under the ultrasound‐microwave synergistic interaction. And the structure of CMS was characterized employing Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analyzer. Typically, the optimal synthesis conditions for the preparation process confirmed by orthogonal experiment L18 (61 × 36) were shown as follows: the ultrasonic treatment temperature was fixed to 35°C and two steps alkalization was employed; the ultrasonic time was 40 min before alkalizing and the ultrasonic power was 220 W; the amount of sodium hydroxide was 8.8 g, the microwave alkalization time was 2 min; the amount of monochloroacetic acid was 11.34 g; the amount of 95% (v/v) ethanol was 70 mL; the microwave etherification time was 3 min. The degree of substitution of prepared CMS was 1.089 ± 0.041, which was increased 30.4% compared with the prepared sample without ultrasound‐microwave synergistic treatment. FTIR results showed that the strong ? COO? characteristic absorption peaks of the stretching vibration were observed at 1613 and 1421 cm?1, which proved that the carboxymethylation of cassava starch was occurred. SEM results suggested that there were many cracks and dents on CMS granules; and, XRD results indicated that the carboxymethylation of starch occurred both in amorphous region and crystalline region, the noticeable damage of crystalline region by carboxymethylation was observed. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and derivative TG showed that thermal stability of CMS changed better compared with native starch. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40906. 相似文献
985.
Synthesis of a novolac‐based 3‐aminopropylsiloxane resin and its application for the removal of Cu2+, Cr3+, and Ni2+ from electroplating wastewater 下载免费PDF全文
Khaled Abou‐El‐Sherbini Mohamed A. Nour Abd‐El‐Ghany Soliman Saad S. Elmorsy 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2014,131(21)
Novolac resin was modified with 3‐aminopropyltrimthoxysilane to obtain phenol‐formaldehyde‐aminopropylsiloxane resin (PF‐APS). Fourier transformation infra‐red spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, and pH‐metric titration were used to characterize PF‐APS. Its chemical formula was suggested to be C14H12.49N0.1O2Si0.1. The resin shows high experimental metal ions uptake capacity within short time of equilibration. The metal capacity was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry to be 0.787 mEq Cu/g. Maximum separation efficiencies of Cu2+, Cr3+, and Ni2+ from aqueous solutions on PF‐APS were at pH 8.0 and time of stirring 60 min; 94.0%, 90.8%, 83.2%, respectively. No significant interference from the background ions Na+, Cl?, and was observed on the separation process. The heavy metal ions were eluted using 0.01 mol L?1 EDTA at 65°C releasing >94% of the separated metal ions. The method of separation was applied successfully to remove the heavy metal ions Cu2+, Cr3+, and Ni2+ from electroplating wastewater from Dekirnis, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40993. 相似文献
986.
High-voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 spinels were synthesized by a low temperature solution combustion method at 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C for 3 h. The phase composition, structural disordering, micro-morphologies and electrochemical properties of the products were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and constant current charge–discharge test. XRD analysis indicated that single phase LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 powders with disordered Fd-3m structures were obtained by the method at 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C. The crystallinity increased with increasing preparation temperatures. XRD and FTIR data indicated that the degree of structural disordering in the product prepared at 800 °C was the largest and in the product prepared at 600 °C was the least. SEM investigation demonstrated that the particle size and the crystal perfection of the products were increased with increasing temperatures. The particles of the product prepared at 600 °C with ~200 nm in size are well developed and homogeneously distributed. Charge/discharge curves and cycling performance tests at different current density indicated that the product prepared at 600 °C had the largest specific capacity and the best cycling performance, due to its high purity, high crystallinity, small particle size as well as moderate amount of Mn3+ ions. 相似文献
987.
Cadmium tungstate (CdWO4) nanorods have been successfully ultrafast synthesized in several minutes under enhanced microwave irradiation conditions and characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, and photoluminescence. The products show a very strong photoluminescence peak at 475 nm with the excitation wavelength of 350 nm and a short decay time. 相似文献
988.
Dr. Kasper K. Sørensen Dr. Jens B. Simonsen Dr. Nicolai N. Maolanon Prof. Jens Stougaard Prof. Knud J. Jensen 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2014,15(14):2097-2105
Recognition of carbohydrates by proteins is a ubiquitous biochemical process. In legume–rhizobium symbiosis, lipochitin oligosaccharides, also referred to as nodulation (nod) factors, function as primary rhizobial signal molecules to trigger root nodule development. Perception of these signal molecules is receptor mediated, and nod factor receptor 5 (NFR5) from the model legume Lotus japonicus is predicted to contain three LysM domain binding sites. Here we studied the interactions between nod factor and each of the three NFR5 LysM domains, which were chemically synthesized. LysM domain variants (up to 58 amino acids) designed to optimize solubility were chemically assembled by solid‐phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) with microwave heating. Their interaction with nod factors and chitin oligosaccharides was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. LysM2 showed a change in folding upon nod factor binding, thus providing direct evidence that the LysM domain of NFR5 recognizes lipochitin oligosaccharides. These results clearly show that the L. japonicus LysM2 domain binds to the nod factor from Mesorhizobium loti, thereby causing a conformational change in the LysM2 domain. The preferential affinity for nod factors over chitin oligosaccharides was demonstrated by a newly developed glycan microarray. Besides the biological implications, our approach shows that carbohydrate binding to a small protein domain can be detected by CD spectroscopy. 相似文献
989.
990.
基于高锰酸钾和葡萄糖之间的氧化还原反应,采用低温水热法合成了氧化锰纳米颗粒材料.应用X-射线衍射、扫描电镜和氮气吸脱附技术对所得材料的结构、形貌和表面性质进行表征.结果表明,所得材料为低结晶性Birnessite型层状氧化锰,比表面积为129 m2/g.电化学测试结果显示,氧化锰纳米颗粒负极材料具有较高的比容量、较好的循环性能和倍率性能.在100 mA/g的电流密度下,首次放电比容量为635 mAh/g.恒流充放电130次后,容量保持率为65.4%. 相似文献