可视化基站发电管理系统

针对以前的发电管理系统或只是数据呈现,提供市电及发电相关数据信息,或只是提供出车轨迹,主要实现对出车的管理,不能全面反应发电全过程且不便于对发电事件进行分析的情况,提出可视化发电管理系统的概念。在简要介绍了LBS系统、动力环境监控系统后,讲述了可视化基站发电管理系统的组成以及通过LBS定位管理、短信互动、实时监测数据等进行系统实现。可视化发电管理系统通过可视化的界面帮助发电管理人员进行管理,直观、便捷。     

The need and prospects for improved fusion reactors

Conceptual fusion reactor studies over the past 10–15 yr have projected systems that may be too large, complex, and costly to be of commercial interest. One main direction for improved fusion reactors points toward smaller, higher-power-density approaches. First-order economic issues (i.e., unit direct cost and cost of electricity) are used to support the need for more compact fusion reactors. The results of a number of recent conceptual designs of reversed-field pinch, spheromak, and tokamak fusion reactors are summarized as examples of more compact approaches. While a focus has been placed on increasing the fusion-power-core mass power density beyond the minimum economic threshold of 100–200 kWe/tonne, other means by which the overall attractiveness of fusion as a long-term energy source are also addressed.Nomenclature a Plasma minor radius at outboard equatorial plane (m) - A Plasma aspect ratioR _T /a - AC Annual charges ($/yr) - b Plasma minor radius in vertical direction (m) - B Magentic field at plasma or blanket (T) - B _c Magnetic field at the coil (T) - B Toroidal magnetic field (T) - B Poloidal magnetic field (T) - BOP Balance of plant - C Coil - COE Cost of electricity (mills/kWeh) - CRFPR Compact RFP reactor - CT Compact torus (FRC or spheromak) - c _FPC Unit cost of fusion power core ($/kg) - DC Direct cost ($) - DZP Dense Z-pinch - E Escalation rate (1/yr) - EDC Escalation during construction ($) - ET Elongated tokamak - F Annual fuel charges ($/yr) - FC Component of UDC not strongly dependent or FPC size ($/kWe) - FW First wall - FPC Fusion power core - f _Aux Fraction of gross electric power recirculated to BOP - f ₁ (IC+IDC+EDC)/DC - f ₂ (O&M + SCR + F)/AC - IC Indirect cost ($) - IDC Interest during construction ($) - I _w Neutron first-wall loading (MW/m²) - i Toroidal plasma current (MA) - j Plasma current density, I/a² - k _B Boltzmann constant, 1.602(10)^–16 (J/keV) - LWR Light-water (fission) reactor - MPD Mass power density 1000P_E/M_FPC (kWe/tonne) - M _N Blanket energy multiplication of 14.1-MeV neutron energy - M _FPC Mass of fusion power core (tonne) - n Plasma density (m^–3) or toroidal MHD mode number - O&M Annual operating and maintenance cost ($/yr) - p _f Plant availability factor - PFD Poloidal field dominated (CTs, RFP, DZP) - P Construction time (yr) - P_TH Thermal power (MWt) - P _E Net electric power (1-)P _ET (MWe) - P_ET Total gross electric power (MWe) - p_f Fusion power (MW) - q Tokamak safety factor (B /B _gq )(a/R _T ) - q _e EngineeringQ value, 1/e - R _T Major toroidal radius (m) - RFP Reversed-field pinch - RPE Reactor plant equipment (Account 22) - S Shield - SCR Annual spare component cost ($/yr) - SSR Second stability region for the tokamak - S/T/H Stellarator/torsatron/heliotron - ST Spherical tokamak or spherical torus - T Plasma temperature (keV) - TDC Total direct cost ($) - TOC Total overnight cost ($) - UDC Unit direct cost,TDC/10 ³ P _E ($/kWe) - V _p Plasma volume (m³) - W _p Plasma energy (GJ) - W _B Magnetic field energy (GJ) - Magnetic utilization efficiency, 2nk_BT/(B ²/2₀) - ₀ Permeability of free space, 4(10)^–7 H/m - XE Plasma confinement efficiency, a²/4_E - _e Plasma energy confinement time - _p Overall plant efficiency, _TH(1-) - _TH Thermal conversion efficiency - _FPC AverageFPC mass density (tonne/m³) - Plasma vertical elongation factor,b/a - Thickness of allFPC engineering structure surround plasma (m) - Total recirculating power fraction, (P _ET-P _E)/P _ET, or inverse aspect ratioa/R _T This work was performed under the auspices of USDOE, Office of Fusion Energy.     

变频开关电源Fuzzy-PID控制器的设计

针对感应式变频开关电源在对金属材料进行热处理过程中，负载的等效参数和谐振频率发生变化，而变频电源的输出频率不能及时调整和跟踪的问题，结合PID和Fuzzy控制技术的优点，设计Fuzzy-PID控制器对变频电源进行控制，在大偏差时用Fuzzy控制，在小偏差时用PID调节。Fuzzy-PID控制器以单片机8098为核心，采用SPWM专用芯片SA4828，实现变频开关电源的电压、电流双闭环控制，使变频电源不仅具有较快的动态响应、更小的超调，并且具有较高的稳态精度和频率跟踪控制特性。     

POWER CONSUMPTION WITH ANCHOR MIXERS EFFECT OF BOTTOM CLEARANCE

The effect of bottom clearance on power draw for anchors is investigated. The results suggest that power input decreases as the bottom clearance ratio b/D increases. A new correlation is proposed in which both bottom and wall clearance effects on power input are considered. The dependence of power input on these effects is additive rather than multiplicative. Thus, the total power consumption is the sum of the power inputs generated by the wall and bottom clearance. Power results from 3D-CFD numerical simulations are also presented. These results confirm fairly well the experimental points.     

节涌流化床压力波动动力学研究(Ⅱ)模拟与实验

研究了节涌流化床多自由度随机波动模型参数,提出了确定气栓和料栓长度的试差迭代法、床层底部的“白噪声”扰动函数和床层表面的正态扰动函数.模型模拟计算的结果对于节涌流化床波动结构的动力学特征、压力波动的频谱特征和波动的传播与衰减等与实验结果取得了较好的吻合.     

The prediction of transport parameters in filamentous fermentation broths based on results obtained in pseudoplastic polymer solutions

Transport phenomena studies on single phase “model” fluids are of limited value in biochemical engineering if they cannot be translated to the heterogeneous systems encountered in real fermentation processes. In this paper we discuss the utility of polymer solutions as models of filamentous fermentation broths for evaluation of: pipeline friction factors and impeller power numbers (turbine and helical ribbon). To a first approximation, polymer solutions can serve as suitable models for the prediction of laminar flow pressure drop in pipelines and turbulent power consumption in stirred tanks. However, results obtained on polymer solutions do not directly apply to filamentous fermentation broths for predictions of laminar flow impeller power consumption and the transition point for turbulent flow in stirred tanks. These discrepancies are believed to result from the existence of a time dependent yield stress in filamentous fermentation broths.     

纳米SiO2粉体的制备与研究

纳米SiO2粉体的制备是以硅酸钠和盐酸为原料，添加适宜的稳定剂(非离子表面活性剂)和分散剂，在适宜的pH值和温度下，采用化学沉淀法合成。研究表明，要得到性能优良纳米的SiO2粉体，最佳工艺条件为：温度20～40℃，pH=6，反应液质量浓度P1=20g／L，P2=1．20g／L，反应时间15min。结果表明：制备的纳米SiO2粒径30～50nm，比表面积大，分散性好，质量优良，可达到产业化的生产。     

关于中压电缆网双环接线方式供电能力的分析

结合北京地区现阶段对相关技术的规定,以实际供用电方案为例,对中压电缆网双环接线方式的供电能力进行深入讨论。通过设计环网单元划分,发现某些条件下双环网供电能力可以得到进一步提升。     

电厂电气运行中常见故障分析及其应对措施探讨

为了保证电厂的生产效率,必须要分析电气的运行特征,确定电气故障发生的原因,综合考虑多方面因素,选择切实可行的措施解决问题。简要分析了电厂电气运行常见故障发生原因,并提出了相应的解决措施。     

我公司进行热电联产的可行性分析

大压差减温减压是能的严重贬值。根据公司供热现状，分析了热电联产的可行性，利用蒸汽余压发电后，再供生产系统各热用户，这样既节约了能源又缓解了集团公司用电紧张的局面，而且有相当可观的经济效益。