天然气脱汞吸附剂的制备及其性能评价

天然气中含汞会对天然气的开发及使用带来危害，实验采用固定床吸附法脱除天然气中的汞。实验以Al₂O₃和活性炭复合颗粒为载体，通过浸渍法负载S、CuS和CuS _x 多组分活性物，制备了天然气脱汞吸附剂，考察了制备工艺条件的影响。采用X射线衍射检测（XRD）与扫描电镜（SEM）对活性物负载情况进行了表征。结果表明，在载体上成功负载了CuS和S，其中CuS质量分数为12.80%，总S质量分数为8.32%。以含汞空气模拟含汞天然气，考察了进气口汞含量、停留时间对脱汞吸附剂脱汞效果的影响。结果表明，脱汞剂处理汞含量为300μg/m³的天然气，停留时间为1s时，出口汞含量为24.99μg/m³，已达到工业天然气要求。当停留时间为2s、进气口汞含量达到600μg/m³时，经脱汞剂脱汞后，出口汞含量为18.92μg/m³，达到小于28μg/m³要求。脱汞吸附剂的汞容量达到6.36%。     

Effect of rare earth addition on Cu-Fe/AC adsorbents for phosphine adsorption from yellow phosphorous tail gas

Phosphine(PH3) is a highly toxic air pollutant,commonly produced in phosphorous chemical industry.But it has received less research attention due to its handling difficultly.CO is the main content of the phosphorous chemical industry tail gas,the concentration of which is always more than 80 vol.%,and it can be the feed gas to produce various valuable products such as formate,oxalate,and methanol and so on.But,PH3 is one of the important barriers,which is harmful to the following chemical process.In order to make use of the tail gas,PH3 should be removed firstly,and CO should be covered in the whole purified procedure at the same time.In this work,the modified activated carbon(MAC) was used as the adsorbent to separate PH3 from the mixture tail gas.Series of MAC adsorbents were prepared for the adsorption of PH3,which loaded Cu-Fe and Ce(La),or separately.The PH3 adsorption capacities,chemical and physical properties of MAC were all investigated.The results showed that over 99% PH3 adsorption efficiency was achieved when used MAC adsorbents.The removal efficiency and PH3 adsorption capacity of the Cu-Fe-Ce/AC(20:1:0.4) were both much higher than those modified activated carbons.The maximum PH3 adsorption capacity was 71 mg of PH3/g of MAC on the Cu-Fe-Ce/AC,which were much higher than literature data using CuO only for adsorbing hydride gases.     

滴定-凝胶法制备球形水凝胶吸附材料及其在废水处理中的应用

滴定-凝胶法制备球形水凝胶吸附材料具有3D倒漏斗状微观形貌结构,孔径分布宽泛,对水体中重金属、染料等污染物具有快速响应机制,已被广泛用于水处理过程研究。综述了滴制法制备球形水凝胶吸附材料的主要过程机理、水凝胶具有的特殊形貌结构及其在水处理过程中的应用,分析了球形水凝胶吸附材料在水处理应用过程中存在的问题和局限,并指出了其在水处理领域的应用前景及发展方向。     

金属有机骨架材料（MOFs）用于气态轻烃的高效分离研究进展

气态轻烃（C₁～C₃）如甲烷、乙烯、丙烯分别作为应用最广的清洁燃料和大宗化工产品,在国民经济中占据重要的地位。然而,在其生产过程中广泛存在着分离与提纯能耗较高的问题。金属有机骨架材料（MOFs）作为第三代新型多孔材料,近年来在轻烃分离领域显示出巨大的应用潜力。本文综述了MOFs用于气态轻烃分离的现状和机理,总结了本文作者课题组针对不同轻烃产物的分离要求,对MOFs进行了精确的孔径调控、配体功能化修饰、构筑吸附位点、调变柔性结构“开口压力”等,实现了多种气态轻烃组分的高效分离。最后,针对低碳烃工业分离过程中存在的关键问题,对MOFs材料的吸附分离机理进行了深入分析,以及MOFs工业化应用所面临的结构稳定性与分离工艺匹配等进行了展望。     

多壁碳纳米管负载FeS2的制备及脱汞性能分析

采用硝酸铁与硫脲在溶剂热反应条件下制备FeS₂,利用物理浸渍法将FeS₂负载至多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）上,借助扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、X光电子能谱（XPS）等分析测试手段对制备样品的结构特性进行探究,通过固定床反应器研究模拟烟气氛围下吸附剂对烟气中单质汞的吸附特性。实验考察了不同FeS₂负载量、烟气初始汞浓度、床层温度以及O₂、NO和SO₂对吸附剂脱汞效率的影响。结果表明,制备出的FeS₂分散性较好,呈球状晶体,表面均匀覆盖着MWCNTs,成团簇状。当负载量为10%、反应温度为70℃时,FeS₂/MWCNTs的吸附效果最好,最高脱除效率能达到100%,60min后脱除效率仍有80.3%。TPD脱附曲线和XPS分析结果进一步表明烟气中的Hg⁰被氧化成Hg²⁺以HgS的形式附着在吸附剂表面,证实吸附剂以化学吸附为主。此外,汞脱除效率随初始汞浓度的增加而降低,汞吸附容量却随之增加,60min最高能达到5.1μg/g。酸性气体NO和SO₂的存在,占据了吸附剂表面的活性点位,不利于Hg⁰的吸附,但低浓度NO对吸附剂的整体效果影响不大,抗NO性能较好。     

Catalytic conversion of MTBE to biodegradable chemicals in contaminated water

The behavior of different acid zeolites in the hydrolysis at room temperature of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was studied with reference to the possibility of its conversion to more biodegradable products in underground water contaminated by MTBE. The effect of the structure of the zeolite and SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio was analyzed. The results indicate that acid H-MFI and H-BEA zeolites are effective in both adsorption and hydrolysis of MTBE and may be applied for both in situ underground water remediation and as protection barrier for wells or leaking tanks. However, other zeolites (mordenite and faujasite) result completely inactive. Furthermore, contrary to what was expected, the increase of the Si/Al ratio promotes the reactivity which is determined by the resistance to diffusion of MTBE in the pores of zeolites and the resistance of back-diffusion of the reaction products.     

热解煤气吸附动力学研究

针对热解煤气变压吸附提氢过程,开展了CO₂、CO、N₂、CH₄等主要杂质气体在不同吸附剂上的吸附热力学研究,测量了各种杂质气体在不同温度下的吸附等温线,并通过计算获得了相应的吸附焓。结果发现,温度增加导致CO₂、CO、N₂、CH₄吸附能力减弱,吸附压力的增大导致CO₂、CO、N₂、CH₄吸附量增加。不同吸附剂对CO₂吸附能力的顺序:炭分子筛＞活性炭＞铜吸附剂,不同吸附剂对CO吸附能力的顺序:铜吸附剂＞炭分子筛＞活性炭,随着吸附压力的增大,N₂和CH₄吸附焓为定值,不随吸附量变化而变化。     

污泥含炭吸附剂的制备工艺优化及性能表征

采用先活化剂浸泡活化在干燥热解炭化的化学活化法制备污泥含炭吸附剂.实验结果表明,有机污泥在活化温度为450℃、ZnCl2药剂和干泥质量比为0.7:1、活化时间为1.5 h、锯末添加剂投加量为2%的条件下,制得的含炭吸附剂碘值在510 mg/g以上,收率>60%,比表面积>390 m2/g.由扫描电镜观察可见孔径分布以微孔和中孔为主.     

Minimization of organic chemical load in direct dyes effluent using low cost adsorbents

The work is carried out to minimize the organic chemical load (unexhausted dye contents) in direct dyes effluent using low cost adsorbents. The studies are made with different direct dyes, i.e. Direct Red 28, Direct Yellow 12, Direct Orange 26 and Direct Blue 1 with various adsorbents. Three different bio/natural materials have been selected as adsorbents. These includes, Sugarcane bagasse pith (SB), Saw dust (SD)—the plant origin products, and Brick powder (BP)—a silica based material obtained from earth's crust on thermal heating. These substances are almost discarded waste products with the possibility of use as adsorbents. Experimental work for the dye removal from the effluent by activated charcoal (AC) has also been carried out and the results are compared with other adsorbents. The amount of unexhausted organic dye present in the effluent is measured as chemical oxygen demand (COD) before and after the treatment. Adsorbent Sugarcane bagasse pith shows good performance as compared to Saw dust and Brick powder. For understanding the behaviour of adsorbents Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has also been carried out.     

Radon emanation from radium specific adsorbents

Pilot studies were undertaken to quantify the total activity of radon that is eluted following no-flow periods from several Ra-226 adsorbents loaded to near exhaustion. The adsorbents studied included two types of barium sulphate impregnated alumina (ABA-8000 and F-1) and Dowex MSC-1 resin treated by either barium hydroxide or barium chloride. In parallel, radium loaded plain activated aluminas and Dowex MSC-1 resin were similarly investigated. The results revealed that radon was quantitatively eluted during the first few bed volumes of column operation after no-flow periods. Although similar radon elution profiles were obtained, the position of the radon peak was found to vary and depended on the adsorbent type. Radon levels up to 24 and 14 kBq dm⁻³ were measured after a rest period of 72 h from radium exhausted Dowex MSC-1 treated with barium chloride and F-1 impregnated alumina with barium sulphate, respectively. The eluted radon values measured experimentally were compared to those calculated theoretically from accumulated radium quantities for the different media. For plain adsorbents, an agreement better than 10% was obtained. For treated resin-types a consistency within 30% but for impregnated alumina-types high discrepancy between respective values were obtained.