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1.
This study was undertaken to develop a modified atmosphere package to control microbial growth in ready‐to‐eat (RTE) products stored at ambient temperature. Ethanol and/or limonene associated with modified atmosphere (CO2 : O2 : N2 = 30% : 5% : 65%) was used to inhibit the growth of total air‐borne microorganisms and Escherichia coli in RTE products stored at 25°C. The results indicated that 0.05% ethanol vapour in the headspace was effective to inhibit the growth of air‐borne microorganisms and E. coli at 25°C for 72 h in a model study, and the effectiveness was related to ethanol content. Both 73 ppm limonene and 0.05% ethanol vapour enhanced the bacteriostatic effect of modified atmosphere in RTE sushi roll products, and no off‐flavour was detected using this formulated gas; however, no significant inhibitory effect was observed for RTE cold noodle products. This study concludes that combinations of carbon dioxide, ethanol or limonene vapours are effective to inhibit microbial growth in RTE food at ambient temperature, and the outcome may be due to the hurdle effect. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
研究了杂多酸催化无水乙醇和环氧乙烷(EO)制备乙醇乙醚的醚化反应,考察了不同种类的杂多酸以及醚化反应工艺条件对反应活性和选择性的影响.结果表明,PW_(12)催化剂的反应活性高、反应温度低、选择性好,当用PW_(12)作催化剂,乙醇与环氧化乙烷之比为3.0(mol),反应温度45℃,反应时间1h时,转化率和选择性均超过97%. 相似文献
3.
概述了乙醇氨解法等二乙胺的六类合成方法及国内外二乙胺的生产情况,指出了我国二乙胺生产技术与国外的差距,提出了扩大生产规模、开发下游产品、开发或引进加压加氢工艺等建议 相似文献
4.
5.
L. M. Schroeder 《Journal of chemical ecology》1992,18(9):1583-1593
The field response ofTomicus piniperda (L.) andHylurgops palliatus (Gyll.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to the attractant ethanol in combination with volatile wood constituents released from the nonhost tree speciesPopulus tremula L. (Salicaceae) andBetula pendula Roth (Betulaceae) was studied using flight barrier traps. The attraction of both species decreased when aspen or birch wood was added to the ethanol bait. The same was true forRhizophagus depressus (F.) (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae), a predatory species associated with conifer bark beetles.Glischrochilus quadripunctatus (L-),Epuraea bickhardti St.-Claire Deville,E. unicolor (Oliv.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), andRhizophagus parvutus (Payk.) (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae) were caught in higher numbers in traps baited with both ethanol and wood of aspen or birch than in traps baited with ethanol alone. In a separate experiment, landings ofT. piniperda andH. palliatus on nonhosts (black plastic tubes) were demonstrated with sticky traps. 相似文献
6.
Titipong Issariyakul Mangesh G. KulkarniAjay K. Dalai Narendra N. Bakhshi 《Fuel Processing Technology》2007
Transesterification of waste fryer grease (WFG) containing 5–6 wt.% free fatty acid (FFA) was carried out with methanol, ethanol, and mixtures of methanol/ethanol maintaining the oil to alcohol molar ratio of 1:6, and initially with KOH as a catalyst. Mixtures of methanol and ethanol were used for transesterification in order to use the better solvent property of ethanol and rapid equilibrium using methanol. Formation of soap by reaction of FFA present in WFG with KOH instigated difficulty in the separation of glycerol from biodiesel ester. To untangle this problem, two-stage (acid and alkali catalyzed) method was used for biodiesel synthesis. More than 90% ester was obtained when two-stage method was used compared to ∼ 50% ester in single stage alkaline catalyst. In the case of mixed alcohol, a relatively smaller amount of ethyl esters was formed along with methyl esters. Acid value, viscosity, and cetane number of all the esters prepared from WFG were within the range of the ASTM standard. Esters obtained from WFG showed good performance as a lubricity additive. 相似文献
7.
车用乙醇汽油调合及储运问题的探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
简要介绍了车用乙醇汽油的组成、性质 ,阐述了车用乙醇汽油调合及储运设施的工艺设计思想 ,以及车用乙醇汽油储运设施设计中应注意的问题。 相似文献
8.
9.
Namsin Park Takeyuki Shiraishi Kazuyoshi Kamisugi Yoshitaka Hara Keita Iizuka Takashi Kado Shuzi Hayase 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2008,38(3):371-375
A direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC), which is less prone to ethanol crossover, is reported. The cell consists of PtRu/C catalyst as the anode, Nafion® 117 membrane, and Ni–Co–Fe (NCF) composite catalyst as the cathode. The NCF catalyst was synthesized by mixing Ni, Co, and Fe complexes into a polymer matrix (melamine-formaldehyde resins), followed by heating the mixture at 800 °C under inert atmosphere. TEM and EDX experiments suggest that the NCF catalyst has alloy structures of Ni, Co and Fe. The catalytic activity of the NCF catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was compared with that of commercially available Pt/C (CAP) catalyst at different ethanol concentrations. The decrease in open circuit voltage (Voc) of the DEFC equipped with the NCF catalysts was less than that of CAP catalyst at higher ethanol concentrations. The NCF catalyst was less prone to ethanol oxidation at cathode even when ethanol crossover occurred through the Nafion®117 film, which prevents voltage drop at the cathode. However, the CAP catalyst did oxidize ethanol at the cathode and caused a decrease in voltage at higher ethanol concentrations. 相似文献
10.
David Lloyd Suzie Morrell Helle N. Carlsen Hans Degn Phillip E. James Christopher C. Rowlands 《Yeast (Chichester, England)》1993,9(8):825-833
Saccharomyces cerevisiae HSc was grown with ethanol at concentrations up to 10% (v/v). The immediate effects of additions of externally added ethanol on CO2 production and O2 consumption of washed organisms were studied by stopped-flow membrane inlet quadrupole mass spectrometry. Fermentative activities of organisms grown with ethanol (0–5% v/v) showed similar sensitivities to inhibition by ethanol, whereas those grown with 10% (v/v) ethanol had become protected and were markedly less sensitive. The fluidity of subcellular membrane fractions was measured by determination of the temperature dependence of the rotational order parameter of the spin label 5-doxyl stearic acid (free radical) by electron spin resonance. Mitochondria prepared from yeasts grown with 0, 7 and 9% (v/v) ethanol showed similar overall fluidity, although differences in temperature-dependent behaviour indicate altered lipid composition or lateral phase separations. On the other hand the microsomal fraction from organisms grown with 9% ethanol showed a remarkable increase in fluidity. These data suggest that the protective effects of growth with ethanol near the limit of tolerance on fermentative activities may arise from altered plasma membrane fluidity properties. 相似文献