Sr对合成Al3Ti/ADC12复合材料微观组织与力学性能的影响

本文研究了不同含量的改性剂Sr对原位合成Al₃Ti/ADC12复合材料微观组织及力学性能的影响。通过光学显微镜以及扫描电镜观察复合材料的微观以及断口组织。实验结果表明：Sr的加入能有效减小α-Al以及Al₃Ti颗粒尺寸以及优化材料形态。Sr的最优加入量为0.25 wt%。在该加入量条件下,共晶硅由针状或短棒状变为颗粒状,α-A1粗枝晶得到较好的细化。实验结果也显示：Sr的加入有效提升了复合材料的机械性能。当加入0.25 wt% Sr时,抗拉强度以及延伸率相较于基体材料增加了36.9% 和 58%。断口形貌表明,在最优加入量条件下所制备的复合材料断口几乎看不到解理面和脆性平坦区,韧窝数量增多,形貌尺寸变得更小且深,同时分布也较为均匀。断口形貌的变化符合材料力学性能变化。     

Improving the oxygen permeability of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ membranes by a surface-coating layer of GdBaCo2O5+δ

A GdBaCo₂O_5+δ layer was coated on the Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_3−δ membranes to enhance their oxygen permeability by employing the fast oxygen adsorption/desorption surface-exchange properties of the GdBaCo₂O_5+δ material. The oxygen flux of the coated and uncoated Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_3−δ membranes was measured in the temperature range of 600–850 °C. The results reveal that the oxygen-permeation flux of the Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_3−δ membranes coated by a GdBaCo₂O_5+δ layer shows significant enhancement. The GdBaCo₂O_5+δ layer coated on the oxygen desorption side (He side) has much effect than that coated on the oxygen adsorption side (air side). At 850 °C, the oxygen flux with a single coating layer on the air side can rise 16%, while a single coating on the helium side will result into a rise of 23%.     

Effect of Retained Austenite on Properties of Austempered Ductile Iron

Austempered ductile iron (ADI) exhibits a favourable combination of strength and toughness, and has been used as a substitute for quench-tempered or carburise-quenched steel. A characteristic feature of bainite transformation of cast iron, as opposed to carbon steel, is that precipitation of carbide is suppressed by the high concentration of silicon. Thus, a favourable structure, consisting of bainitic ferrite and retained austenite without carbide, can be provided by the optimum austempering treatment. Such microstructure and the mechanical properties of the iron are significantly affected by the conditions of the austempering treatment and the chemical composition. In this study, several grades of ductile iron were austempered under various conditions. The relationship between the impact strength, the quantity of retained austenite and the isothermal transformation curve was investigated. The stability of the retained austenite is considered important, because ADI contains a large amount of retained austenite which contributes to the improvement of ductility and toughness and which may transform to martensite when held at low temperature or subjected to stress. In this study, the stability of the retained austenite at low temperatures was examined by holding or stressing to establish the relations between transformation and temperature, stress and strain.

When the austempering time is short, the untransformed austenite partially transforms to martensite during air cooling, due to the lower carbon content, resulting in lower impact strength. As the austempering time increases, the untransformed austenite is stabilised by carbon-enrichment and there is little transformation to martensite, resulting in a large amount of retained austenite and higher impact strength. When the austempering time becomes much longer, the carbon-enriched austenite decomposes, presumably to bainitic ferrite and carbide, decreasing impact strength. In increasing the silicon content, precipitation of carbide in bainite is suppressed and both the maximum impact value and the content of retained austenite increase. The decreasing rates after the maxima through an additional isothermal holding becomes smaller.

By holding at temperatures down to –40°C, the decrease in retained austenite and the increase in hardness are both small. The retained austenite is stable under stress lower than that required to cause plastic deformation. Compressive stress hinders the martensitic transformation, because the transformation is accompanied by volume expansion.     

TAS-116, a Well-Tolerated Hsp90 Inhibitor,Prevents the Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

Chronic inflammation has been associated with several chronic diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The NLRP3 inflammasome is a central proinflammatory signaling complex that triggers caspase-1 activation leading to the maturation of IL-1β. We have previously shown that the inhibition of the chaperone protein, Hsp90, prevents NLRP3 activation in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells; these are cells which play a central role in the pathogenesis of AMD. In that study, we used a well-known Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin, but it cannot be used as a therapy due to its adverse effects, including ocular toxicity. Here, we have tested the effects of a novel Hsp90 inhibitor, TAS-116, on NLRP3 activation using geldanamycin as a reference compound. Using our existing protocol, inflammasome activation was induced in IL-1α-primed ARPE-19 cells with the proteasome and autophagy inhibitors MG-132 and bafilomycin A1, respectively. Intracellular caspase-1 activity was determined using a commercial caspase-1 activity kit and the FLICA assay. The levels of IL-1β were measured from cell culture medium samples by ELISA. Cell viability was monitored by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) measurements. Our findings show that TAS-116 could prevent the activation of caspase-1, subsequently reducing the release of mature IL-1β. TAS-116 has a better in vitro therapeutic index than geldanamycin. In summary, TAS-116 appears to be a well-tolerated Hsp90 inhibitor, with the capability to prevent the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in human RPE cells.     

锦90块弱凝胶深部调驱配方体系的筛选

通过实验筛选适合锦90块的弱凝胶深部调驱剂配方,对调驱体系中聚合物的增黏性、热稳定性和抗剪切性,以及不同交联剂体系的成胶性能进行了考察,确定最佳配方为：0．2％阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺CY＋1．0％酚醛类交联剂FQ1。该弱凝胶体系稳定性好,凝胶以整体形态存在,在单管岩心实验中可提高驱油效率6．21％。     

河南油田炼油厂生产90~#无铅汽油前景分析

河南油田炼油厂催化裂化装置通过采取将所加工原料的残联控制在1.8％～3.0％;以提高原料中环烷烃、芳烃的含量;把原采用的焦碳选择性好、裂化活性高,但裂化产品中汽油辛烷值较低的烯土氢Y型催化剂,更换为异构化性能好、氢转移反应能力较低,能够提高汽油辛烷值的复合越稳Y型分子筛催化剂;改善操作条件,包括控制适宜的反应温度,注入急冷介质缩短反应时间,控制再生催化剂含碳量在0.1％,在分馏塔中控制汽油终沸点不大于185℃等一系列技术措施,生产出优质合格的90＃无铅汽油是完全可行的。     

Novel Nd2WO6-type Sm2−xAxM1−yByO6−δ (A = Ca, Sr; M = Mo, W; B = Ce, Ni) mixed conductors

In the present work, we have explored novel Nd₂WO₆-type structure Sm_2−xA_xM_1−yB_yO_6−δ (A = Ca, Sr; M = Mo, W; B = Ce, Ni) as precursor for the development of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) anodes. The formation of single-phase monoclinic structure was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) for the A- and B-doped Sm₂MO₆ (SMO). Samples after AC measurements under wet H₂ up to 850 °C changed from Nd₂WO₆-type structure into Sm₂MoO₅ due to the reduction of Mo^VI that was confirmed by PXRD and is consistent with literature. The electrical conductivity was determined using 2-probe AC impedance and DC method and was compared with 4-probe DC method. The total electrical conductivity obtained from these two different techniques was found to vary within the experimental error over the investigated temperature of 350-650 °C. Ionic and electronic conductivity were studied using electron-blocking electrodes technique. Among the samples studied, Sm_1.8Ca_0.2MoO_6−δ exhibits total conductivity of 0.12 S cm⁻¹ at 550 °C in wet H₂ with an activation energy of 0.06 eV. Ca-doped SMO appears to be chemically stable against reaction with YSZ electrolyte at 800 °C for 24 h in wet H₂. The ionic transference number (t_i) of Sm_1.9Ca_0.1MoO_6−δ in wet H₂ at 550 °C (pO₂ = 10^−25.5 atm) was found to be about 0.012 after subtraction of electrical lead resistance from the 2-probe AC data and showed predominate electronic conductors.     

Determination of the strontium isotope ratio by ICP-MS ginseng as a tracer of regional origin

This study presents the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) as a method for tracing the regional origin of ginseng. The results of the analysis of 15 Korean ginsengs from three different regions and of 15 Chinese ginsengs from three different regions reveal that the Sr isotope ratios ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of the ginsengs differed according to their origin. For pretreatment, the ginseng samples were dried, and were dissolved through microwave digestion, then were each made to amount to 6 ml with 11.9 M HCl. Rb was then separated from Sr to enable an interference-free measurement through cation exchange chromatography. Six millilitres of the ginseng sample were injected in the column, and 60 ml of 11.9 M HCl was passed through the column at a 1 ml min⁻¹ flow rate to separate Rb from Sr. After Rb was eluted completely, 60 ml of 5.0 M HCl was passed at a 1 ml min⁻¹ flow rate to collect Sr. In the Sr collection step, the first 10 ml portion of 30 ml eluate was discarded, and the next 10 ml portion was taken and was diluted with de-ionized water at a ratio of 1:3, for analysis purposes. The results of the analysis of 30 ginseng samples revealed that the Chinese ginsengs have an ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio range of 0.672–0.701, and the Korean ginsengs 0.705–0.714. The Korean ginsengs, therefore, have a higher ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio range than the Chinese ginsengs. Of the Korean ginsengs, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio range of ginsengs from Punggi, Geumsan and Hongcheon are about 0.706–0.709, 0.705–0.706, and 0.710–0.714, respectively.     

Geochemical characteristics of Callovian –Oxfordian carbonates in Samandepe gas field,Amu Darya Basin, Turkmenistan

The Callovian-Oxfordian carbonate reservoirs are the most important hydrocarbon reservoir in the Samandepe gas field,Amu Darya basin,Turkmenistan.Based on the analysis of Fe,Mn and Sr trace elements,and carbon,oxygen and strontium isotopes,the genesis and evolutionary characteristics of the carbonate reservoirs were studied,and the conclusions were follows:1) Sustained transgressive-regressive cycles played an important role during Callovian-Oxfordian.The reservoir of reef-bank facies was well developed in the period of transgression,while the regional dense cap rocks developed in the period of regression;2) The 87 Sr/86 Sr ratio measured from rudist shells yields an age of 157.2 Ma according to the global strontium isotope curve;3) As diagenetic intensity increased,δ 13 C changed little,and δ 18 O showed strong negative deviation but was still limited to the range of Late Jurassic seawater.High Fe and Sr contents,and low Mn content,and the evolutionary trend of δ 13 C and δ 18 O all indicate that diagenesis occurred in a relatively confined environment,where the fluids were relatively reducing and contained hot brine.The stage of diagenesis reached is mesodiagenesis,which is very favorable for preservation of primary pores in carbonates;4) Strong dissolution of reef limestones,burial dolomitization and hydrothermal calcite precipitation were all the results of the interaction between the 87 Sr-rich diagenetic fluid and rocks;5) The analysis results of isotopes,fluid inclusions and vitrinite reflectance show that the diagenetic fluid was compaction-released water that originated from the deep,coal-bearing clastic strata.