基于植物油和矿物油的10 kV油浸变压器外部热源耐火实验

为了探究不同油浸变压器受火情况下的火灾动力学过程,搭建了全尺度变压器火灾实验平台,分别针对基于RAPO天然酯植物油和25号变压器油的10 kV油浸变压器开展了外部热源耐火实验。研究结果表明,在同一外部热源条件下,矿物油变压器在受火状态下9 min左右即出现猛烈的喷射火灾现象,喷射出的矿物油品同时导致了大面积的池火和流淌火灾,使得火灾进一步加剧。相比而言,植物油变压器燃烧相对平缓,在24 min左右才出现轻微的喷射火现象,但并未造成明显的火灾加剧,且实验结束后变压器周边残存大量未燃植物油。在燃烧实验中,植物油的温升速率约为0.18 ℃/s,显著低于矿物油的0.24 ℃/s,也进一步说明了植物绝缘油的安全性。从消防安全角度,植物油变压器的火灾安全性远胜于矿物油变压器,具有较好的应用前景。     

Exposure and effects assessment of persistent organohalogen contaminants in arctic wildlife and fish

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) encompass an array of anthropogenic organic and elemental substances and their degradation and metabolic byproducts that have been found in the tissues of exposed animals, especially POPs categorized as organohalogen contaminants (OHCs). OHCs have been of concern in the circumpolar arctic for decades. For example, as a consequence of bioaccumulation and in some cases biomagnification of legacy (e.g., chlorinated PCBs, DDTs and CHLs) and emerging (e.g., brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and in particular polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanic acid (PFOA) found in Arctic biota and humans. Of high concern are the potential biological effects of these contaminants in exposed Arctic wildlife and fish. As concluded in the last review in 2004 for the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) on the effects of POPs in Arctic wildlife, prior to 1997, biological effects data were minimal and insufficient at any level of biological organization. The present review summarizes recent studies on biological effects in relation to OHC exposure, and attempts to assess known tissue/body compartment concentration data in the context of possible threshold levels of effects to evaluate the risks. This review concentrates mainly on post-2002, new OHC effects data in Arctic wildlife and fish, and is largely based on recently available effects data for populations of several top trophic level species, including seabirds (e.g., glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus)), polar bears (Ursus maritimus), polar (Arctic) fox (Vulpes lagopus), and Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), as well as semi-captive studies on sled dogs (Canis familiaris). Regardless, there remains a dearth of data on true contaminant exposure, cause-effect relationships with respect to these contaminant exposures in Arctic wildlife and fish. Indications of exposure effects are largely based on correlations between biomarker endpoints (e.g., biochemical processes related to the immune and endocrine system, pathological changes in tissues and reproduction and development) and tissue residue levels of OHCs (e.g., PCBs, DDTs, CHLs, PBDEs and in a few cases perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs)). Some exceptions include semi-field studies on comparative contaminant effects of control and exposed cohorts of captive Greenland sled dogs, and performance studies mimicking environmentally relevant PCB concentrations in Arctic charr. Recent tissue concentrations in several arctic marine mammal species and populations exceed a general threshold level of concern of 1 part-per-million (ppm), but a clear evidence of a POP/OHC-related stress in these populations remains to be confirmed. There remains minimal evidence that OHCs are having widespread effects on the health of Arctic organisms, with the possible exception of East Greenland and Svalbard polar bears and Svalbard glaucous gulls. However, the true (if any real) effects of POPs in Arctic wildlife have to be put into the context of other environmental, ecological and physiological stressors (both anthropogenic and natural) that render an overall complex picture. For instance, seasonal changes in food intake and corresponding cycles of fattening and emaciation seen in Arctic animals can modify contaminant tissue distribution and toxicokinetics (contaminant deposition, metabolism and depuration). Also, other factors, including impact of climate change (seasonal ice and temperature changes, and connection to food web changes, nutrition, etc. in exposed biota), disease, species invasion and the connection to disease resistance will impact toxicant exposure. Overall, further research and better understanding of POP/OHC impact on animal performance in Arctic biota are recommended. Regardless, it could be argued that Arctic wildlife and fish at the highest potential risk of POP/OHC exposure and mediated effects are East Greenland, Svalbard and (West and South) Hudson Bay polar bears, Alaskan and Northern Norway killer whales, several species of gulls and other seabirds from the Svalbard area, Northern Norway, East Greenland, the Kara Sea and/or the Canadian central high Arctic, East Greenland ringed seal and a few populations of Arctic charr and Greenland shark.     

加氢工艺技术生产25#变压器油

以江苏常二线油为原料,通过加氢微型试验装置,筛选出加氢精制催化剂3996、FV-1,将上述2种催化剂按照1：1（体积比）进行组合装填,进行一段加氢法生产25^#变压器油试验取得成功,并经过了工业生产试运行。结果表明,在适宜的操作条件下,可以利用原白油加氢装置生产出合格的25^#变压器油产品,优化了装置产品结构,提高了装置创效能力。     

猪瘟疫苗免疫反应低下猪CD3~+CD4~+和CD4~+CD25~+淋巴细胞亚群分析

目的分析猪瘟疫苗免疫反应低下猪CD3+CD4+和CD4+CD25+淋巴细胞亚群的分布。方法将接种过猪瘟疫苗的种母猪经ELISA和血清中和试验检测筛选出猪瘟病毒(CSFV)抗体阴性猪。从中挑选出15头作为研究对象,以15头抗体阳性猪作为对照。采集猪的抗凝血,分离外周血淋巴细胞(PBL),流式细胞术检测30头猪PBL中CD3+CD4+和CD4+CD25+淋巴细胞亚群的分布。结果CSFV抗体阴性猪PBL中CD3+CD4+细胞的比例(24.09%±1.29%)明显低于CSFV抗体阳性猪(37.49%±1.60%);CSFV抗体阴性猪PBL中CD4+CD25+细胞的比例(2.34%±0.20%)明显高于CSFV抗体阳性猪(1.64%±0.13%)。结论PBL中CD3+CD4+淋巴细胞亚群的减少及CD4+CD25+淋巴细胞亚群的增加,可能是导致猪瘟疫苗免疫反应低下的重要原因。     

抗人CD25人鼠嵌合抗体在CHO细胞中的稳定表达及初步鉴定

目的在CHO细胞中稳定表达抗人CD25人鼠嵌合抗体,并对抗体活性进行初步鉴定。方法采用脂质体法将嵌合抗体真核表达质粒pOptiVEC-H和pcDNA3.3-L共转染CHO-DHFR-细胞,通过去除HT和在培养基中加入500μg/ml的Geneticine进行阳性克隆的筛选,有限稀释法对阳性克隆进行亚克隆,通过在培养基中加入浓度逐步增加的MTX提高克隆的抗体表达量。采用流式细胞术(FCM)检测嵌合抗体的抗原结合活性及人抗体重链Fc段、轻链κ链;提取细胞基因组进行PCR鉴定;抗体经超滤浓缩后,采用蛋白G亲和纯化法进行纯化,并进行Westernblot分析;体外连续培养细胞株2个月及冻存、复苏后,采用ELISA法检测抗体分泌的稳定性。结果获得稳定分泌嵌合抗体的细胞株1C1,ELISA检测抗体表达量为103ng/ml;PCR结果表明,表达的质粒已整合入细胞基因组中;FCM及Westernblot结果显示,嵌合抗体含有人抗体重链Fc段及轻链κ链,且保留了鼠抗体V区的抗原结合特异性;经蛋白G亲和纯化后,获得抗体220μg,纯度>97%;体外连续培养细胞株2个月及冻存、复苏后,抗体分泌保持稳定。结论获得了稳定表达人CD25人鼠嵌合抗体的CHO细胞株,其具有鼠源抗体的抗原结合特异性及人抗体的恒定区。     

鄂东长江大桥柔性基层配合比设计研究

采用马歇尔级配设计方法,结合贝雷法验证,在室内试验研究的基础上,提出了鄂东长江大桥柔性基层的配合比,并在鄂东长江大桥得到成功实施,以期为柔性基层在高等级公路的应用提供参考。     

浅谈ATB-25的配合比设计与施工工艺

根据工程实践,介绍了ATB-25的配合比设计,从温度控制、运输、摊铺、碾压、接缝处理等多个方面论述了ATB-25施工工艺,提出了施工中应注意的问题,以完善ATB-25施工工艺,推广ATB-25的应用。     

Pinger监视系统在海洋有缆取样作业中的应用

为了提高海洋有缆取样的作业效率,在海洋勘探中采用Pinger监视系统,其包括水下发声器Pinger及水上监控设备Deso25测深仪。文章首先介绍了Deso25测深仪的系统构成及其应用范围,然后探讨了Pinger的工作原理及Deso25的Pinger模式的工作方法,通过测深仪的观测和记录结果监控勘探设备的到底情况,增强了取样设备的安全性,并提高作业的成功率。     

大阻力液压支架柱窝结构设计与分析

对ZF21000/25/45D大阻力支架柱窝结构进行专业性设计,并根据Hertz接触模型算出载荷接触半径与分布规律,最后利用ANSYS进行静力学仿真,验证其结构设计的合理性。     

虫螨克防治梨木虱,苹果黄蚜,山楂叶螨的效果

２５％虫螨克乳油是一种广谱性杀虫杀螨剂，具有触杀和胃毒作用，且有一定的杀卵活性。经１９９３￣１９９４年试验证明，虫螨克对梨木虱防效显著，能有效地控制苹果黄蚜和山楂叶螨等虫螨的为害。