Author Keywords: Water treatment; Adsorption; Heterogeneous catalysis; Hydrodechlorination; Activated carbon; Granular; Fibrous cloth; Hydrodenitrification; Glass fiber cloth 相似文献
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51.
A. Proctor C. Adhikari G. D. Blyholder 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1996,73(6):693-698
The structures of and lipid complexes with two commercial silica hydrogels (Trisyl and Sorbsil 40), which contain about 60%
moisture, were examined by diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The spectra suggested that Trisyl
contained less moisture than Sorbsil 40. However, the silanol groups of Sorbsil 40 were more active in adsorbing oleic acid,
triglyceride, and phosphatidylcholine (PC) from hexane than those of Trisyl. Both adsorbents strongly bound PC through the
PC carbonyl and phosphate groups. Lipid adsorption from hexane solution by Trisyl depended solely on trapped moisture, while
Sorbsil 40 used moisture and silanol groups on the silica surface. Spectra of triglyceride-silica hydrogel complexes, obtained
24 and 72 h after obtaining the initial spectra, showed that Sorbsil 40 adsorption was by Van der Waals forces, but the triglyceride
reoriented over time with an increase in hydrogen bonding. In contrast, Trisyl initially adosorbed triglyceride by hydrogen
bonding which was stable for at least 72 h. 相似文献
52.
Water molecules adsorbed on a double-walled carbon nanotube (DWCNT) serve as charge trapping centers when present in low density and as electron donors when present in high density. There is a discontinuous change between the low- and high-density regions. H2O molecules are apt to be adsorbed on the outer surface of DWCNTs, and in this case the electrical transport properties are extremely sensitive to environment, which suggests that DWCNTs are hole doped and act as an electric dipole with the inner tube. 相似文献
53.
Haiqing?Liu S.?Kay?ObendorfEmail author Michael?J.?Leonard Timothy?J.?Young Michael?J.?Incorvia 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2005,8(4):311-317
The adsorption of aroma chemicals on cotton fabric was studied relative to the surfactant concentration, surfactant type,
water solubility, and fiber morphology. The adsorption increased with increasing surfactant concentration to a maximum near
the critical micelle concentration, then decreased with further increases in surfactant concentration. The adsorption also
was found to be highly dependent on the fiber surface area and pore structure; dramatic differences were observed between
untreated and mercerized cotton fabric and are believed to be due to morphological differences. Cationic and anionic surfactants
increased the aroma chemical adsorption, which varied with surfactant type, with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC)>sodium
dodecyl sulfate (SDS)>H2O. Water solubility also influenced adsorption; in most cases, adsorption increased with water solubility. In addition, adsorption
was also influenced by chemical structure and hydrophobic interactions. The adsorption of aroma chemicals on cotton fabric
can be attributed to the aqueous solution being physically held in capillaries and pore structures within the fibular structure
of cotton fiber and also to molecular interactions among the aroma chemical molecules, surfactants, and cotton substrate. 相似文献
54.
A. Proctor C. Adhikari G. D. Blyholder 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1995,72(3):331-335
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the adsorption of oleic acid (OA) onto dry rice hull ash (RHA)
silica. Adsorption partially occurred by surface hydrogen bonding of the carboxylic acid. There was also formation of carboxylate
ions by reaction of OA with residual potassium oxide. These ions were strongly bound by the ash. Isopropanol inhibited OA
adsorption by H-bonding and encouraged desorption of H-bonded OA, but without itself being significantly bound. RHA with 40%
moisture also adsorbed a small amount of OA by H-bonding and reacted with OA to form and adsorb carboxylate ions. 相似文献
55.
Opportunities and problems in application of catalytic hydrotreating processes, which are presented a viable approach in the abatement of water pollutants, are discussed. Analysis of the hydrodechlorination (HDC) and hydrodenitrification (HDN) using Pd-based catalysts supported on various materials like granulated activated carbon (GAC), fibrous activated carbon cloths (ACCs) or glass fiber cloths (GFCs) studied recently in our laboratory suggests the following perspectives:
Exhaustive regeneration of Pd/GAC saturated with p-chlorophenol can be achieved in a two-step approach, incorporating gas-phase HDC by hydrogen followed by oxidation by air.
Pd/ACC catalysts are good candidates for the liquid-phase HDC showing activity higher than that of Pd/GAC or Pd/GFC; the high adsorption capacity of Pd/ACC lead suggesting its use in a technology with periodic adsorption and HDC, in similarity to adsorption with regeneration of GAC.
Pd/GFC and Pd–Cu/GFC are promising catalyst for removal of nitrites and nitrates, showing activity and selectivity that compares favorably with those of powdered catalysts.
56.
Molecular sieve properties of activated carbon fibers modified by cracking treatment with methane are studied herein. The effect of methane treatment on the porous texture of the samples has been studied while varying temperature and time. These materials have been evaluated for their selectivity during CO2 and CH4 separation; their uptakes have been compared with non-treated activated carbon fibers (studied previously), which were considered suitable to be used as molecular sieves. Kinetics of CO2 and CH4 uptake have also been investigated in this research. The treatment produced materials exhibiting fast kinetics and high selectivity during CO2 and CH4 separation; at the same time however, the CO2 uptake capacity was diminished. 相似文献
57.
Zan-guo?Peng Kus?Hidajat Mohammad?ShahabuddinEmail author 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2003,20(5):896-901
A colloidal suspension of magnetic particles coated with double layer surfactant molecules was prepared, characterized and
used for separation of some chemicals. The aqueous magnetic fluid was prepared by chemical precipitation method and characterized
by total organic carbon analyzer (TOC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TOC
and TGA measurements indicate that the prepared magnetic particles are coated with surfactant molecules in double layers.
The outer surfactant layer has free polar heads. TEM measurement results show that magnetic particles are nanosized. A mixture
of 2-hydroxyphenol (strong polar) and 2-nitrophenol (weak polar) was chosen as the target system. Results show that the magnetic
fluid can selectively adsorb 2-hydroxyphenol from the mixture, whereas the adsorption of 2-nitrophenol is insignificant. For
2-hydroxyphenol, the adsorption equilibrium can be described well by Langmuir isotherm, and the adsorption kinetic can be
fitted well by a linear driving force mass transfer model. 相似文献
58.
Nabel?A.?NegmEmail author Salwa?M.?I.?Morsy 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2005,8(3):283-287
A weight loss technique was used to determine the corrosion inhibition efficiency of synthesized alkyl mono-and dibenzoate
triethanolammonium bromide derivatives (TEAMB, TEADB) in an acidic medium (2 N HCl) at different doses (50, 100, and 200 ppm).
The results showed that monoderivatives had a higher corrosion inhibition efficiency than diderivatives. The results were
correlated with several factors, including the alkyl chain length of the hydrophobic chains, interfacial tension (IT), critical
micelle concentration (CMC), and adsorption free energy of these inhibitors. Increasing the geometric length of the alkyl
chains in the synthesized inhibitors had an increasing effect on their corrosion inhibition efficiency, whereas decreasing
the CMC and IT had an increasing effect on their tendency toward corrosion inhibition. The number of hydrophobic chains attached
to the inhibitor molecules had a vital influence on their efficiency as corrosion inhibitors. 相似文献
59.
Douglas D. Frey 《Chemical Engineering Communications》1992,117(1):143-162
A local equilibrium theory for nonisothermal gas adsorption is developed which accounts for variations in interstitial gas velocity induced by adsorption. Also presented are expressions describing the entropy admissibility criterion. A solution is developed for a Riemann's problem involving adiabatic gas-phase adsorption where there is no inert diluent and where Langmuir isotherms apply. 相似文献
60.
Physical properties of activated carbons prepared from pinewood at different activation times (0.5, 1.5, 2.7, and 4.0 h) in steam at 900 °C were studied. The adsorption equilibria and kinetics of three dyes and three phenols (phenol, 3-chlorophenol, and o-cresol) from aqueous solutions on such carbons were then examined at 30 °C. The adsorption isotherms of phenols could be well fitted by the Freundlich equation, and those of dyes were adequately described by the Langmuir-Freundlich equation. The effect of microporosity of the carbons on adsorption capacity was explored. Four simplified kinetic models including pseudo-first-order equation, pseudo-second-order equation, intraparticle diffusion model, and the Elovich equation were selected to follow the adsorption processes. The adsorption of all six adsorbates could be best described by the Elovich equation. The kinetic parameters of this best-fit model were calculated and discussed. 相似文献