黄河下游滩区居民对安全的心理需求

黄河下游滩区居民对自身安全的需求非常强烈，具体表现在以下3个方面：对房屋采取垫高房台等安全措施，出于安全的原因愿意搬离现居住地，较高生育率与偏好男孩。他们建立在安全需求上的相应行为，增大了生活成本，影响着他们生存发展的空间，进而制约着滩区社会经济的发展。     

黄河天桥水电站工程建设及泥沙处理主要经验

天桥水电站是黄河中游北干上的第一座高泥沙、低水头、大流量的径流式试验电站。它成功的施工与运营经验不仅对在黄河中游北干上开发梯级水电站，而且对中小型径流式水电站的施工都具有重要的借鉴作用。这篇文章总结了两期截流工程、基坑排水、固结灌浆、帷幕灌浆方面的施工经验。在诸如厂房位置的选择以及它的布置，泥沙、冰凌、洪水以及拦污方面的工程设计与运营的宝贵经验，使得水库长期保持高的有效库容和良好的运营状态。特剐是防止进水口淤积和水轮机的磨蚀方面的七条措施是非常有价值的。     

宁夏黄河经济及其非均衡协调发展战略

宁夏黄河经济应是宁夏区域经济,发展宁夏黄河经济必须立足于宁夏黄河资源的开发。广义而言,黄河资源基本上是宁夏全部的国土资源.其开发模式应由过去的单一开发、浅层开发向综合开发、深度开发转换。同时要注重以水利建设为突破口,以水利、农业两大基础产业为重点,煤—电—高耗能系列开发、灌溉—农业—轻工业系列开发、教育—人才—信息系列开发三大主导方向并行。发展宁夏黄河经济,应选择具有优势的部门和地区实行重点开发,使其优先增长,以此辐射带动整个区域的发展。     

抗盐降滤失剂SDX的研究与应用

介绍了抗盐降滤失剂SDX的合成方法与现场应用简况,评价了SDX的抗温、抗盐、防塌及配伍性能。试验结果表明,SDX能耐150℃以上的高温,可抗盐至饱和,具有良好的降滤失和抑制性能,与其它处理剂的配伍性好,适用于各种水基泥浆。     

Data-logging: effects on practical science

Abstract This paper describes an investigation into the processes and effects of using electronic data-logging in practical science. A pilot study of classical laboratory work in schools was compared with similar tasks performed with data-logging systems. A more detailed exploration of pupils' performance was then conducted through an extensive series of observations in a range of secondary schools. The results reinforce previous indications of the potential benefits of data-logging, but such benefits must be viewed in the curriculum context of the type of measurement activity and the pedagogical context of teaching and learning objectives. The paper concludes with a discussion of the latter issues.     

黄河中游多沙粗沙区水沙控制途径的探讨

根据黄河中游多沙粗区暴雨洪水及产流产沙特点，提出了为控制水沙危害，黄河中游治理应分两步走的战略。第一步解决近期水沙控制和耕地问题，主要措施是建设淤地坝和骨干坝。研究表明，在现状坝地，梯田条件下，为满足粮食生产需要，每平方公里需新增坝地３．１８ｈａ，且能港口控制水沙的要求。第二步是进行坡面治理，改善生态环境，以达到根治水沙的目的。     

珠江口盆地(西部)早第三纪古环境分析

珠江口盆地(西部)早第三纪的古环境变迁与盆地的形成及演化紧密相关。早第三纪盆地演化经历了4个阶段。第一阶段,盆地早期拉张,以粗粒沉积物沉积为主,部分地域发育小湖盆。第二阶段,盆地稳定下沉,是富营养性湖泊的鼎盛期,形成优质湖相烃源岩。第三阶段,湖盆萎缩,煤系沼泽发育,形成湖相和煤系两类重要烃源岩。第四阶段,古湖泊消亡,海水漫进,滨浅海砂岩体发育,形成油气勘探的有利目的层。     

Effect of Compressive Load on Uplift Capacity of Model Piles

Thirty six tests on model tubular steel piles embedded in sand were carried out in the laboratory to assess the effects of compressive load on uplift capacity of piles considering various parameters. The model piles were of 25 mm outside diameter and 2 mm wall thickness. The soil–pile friction angles were 21 and 29° in loose and dense conditions of sand. The piles were embedded in sand for embedment length/diameter ratios of 8,16, and 24 inside a model tank. They were subjected to a static compressive load of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of their ultimate capacity in compression and subjected to pull out loading tests. The experimental results indicated that the presence of the compressive load on the pile decreases the net uplift capacity of a pile and the decrease depends on the magnitude of the compressive load. A logical approach, based on the experimental results, has been suggested to predict the net uplift capacity of a pile considering the presence of compressive load.     

可生物降解的钻井液降滤失剂SPS的合成与性能研究

以淀粉为主要原料合成了一种可生物降解的钻井液滤失剂ＳＰＳ，考察了ＳＰＳ的生物降解性及其在淡水泥浆，盐水泥浆和海水泥浆中的性能。结果表明，ＳＰＳ具有良好的降滤失与抗温、抗污染性能，在海水中可被生物降解。     

Flood frequency and routing processes at a confluence of the middle Yellow River in China

Floods cause environmental hazards and influence on socio‐economic activities. In this study, we evaluated the historic flood frequency at a confluence in the middle Yellow River, China. A non‐parametric, multivariate, empirical, orthogonal function matrix model, which consists of time correlation coefficients of flood discharge at different gauge stations and flood events was used for the analysis of flood frequency. The model addresses the characteristics of confluent floods such as frequency and the probability in multiple tributary rivers. Flood frequency analysis is often coupled with studies of hydrological routing processes that reduce the flood capacity of the rivers. Flood routing to the confluence were simulated using kinematic wave theory. Results of this flood frequency analysis showed that flooding frequency has intensified in the past 500 years, especially during the 19th century. Flooding in streams above the confluence was more frequent than in streams below the confluence. Over the last 2000 years, concurrent flooding in multiple tributary rivers accounted for 67.5% of the total flooding in the middle Yellow River. Simulation of flood routing processes shows that the decreased flooding capacity and elevated river bed of the shrunken main channel leads to an increased flood wave propagation time (24–52.3 h) in the study area after 1995. The model indicates that human activities, such as constructions of the Sanmenxia Dam, have changed flood routing boundary conditions and have contributed to the increased flood frequency at the confluence. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.