Performance analysis of the forward link cdma2000 1xEV‐DO evolution for multirate services in cellular wireless system

In this paper, we propose a combined analytical and simulation framework for performance evaluation of the forward link in the cdma2000 evolution for data only (1xEV‐DO) cellular systems with throughput and spectral efficiency being used as performance metrics. A closed form expression for the aggregate average throughput is derived in terms of system‐dependent parameters and a discrete random process that reflects the stochastic behavior of the transmission channel. The random process is expressed in terms of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the users signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR). Quantitative results for throughput and spectral efficiency are presented for a variety of users distribution models, base station antenna types and frequency reuse factors for the cases of sectorized and non‐sectorized cells. Furthermore, we study the impact of the cell radius on the system performance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fracture behavior of DO_3-ordered Fe-Al alloy with V addition

1　INTRODUCTIONTherehasbeenmoreandmoreresearchontheorderedironaluminidesbasedontheFe Alsysteminrecentyears .TheironaluminideFe3Aloccurswhenthecontentofaluminumisintherangeof 2 4 % 32 %(massfraction) .Ithastwoorderedstructures :DO3 orderedstructurewhichexistsbelowthecriticaltem peratureof 5 40℃andB2 orderedstructurebetween5 40and 76 0℃ .Theorderedironaluminideshaveexcellentoxidationresistance ,lowcost ,enrichmentinresourcesandsomeotheradvantages ,whichleadsthemtomanyengineeringapplic…     

精确曝气系统在污水厂中应用

精确曝气系统旨在通过污水厂区进水参数数据来精确控制生物池的溶解氧DO值,即合理控制曝气量,实现自动对风机风量的控制,对风机的能源损耗有一定降低。     

A new approach to spatiotemporal estimation of the river state

The paper proposes a spatiotemporal method of analysis of the river state on the basis of the measurement of pollution level indicators in the context of its application in modern control systems. For the examined objects and measurements of their characteristic parameters described by differential equations, the issue of river state estimation was formulated on the basis of discrete measurements of water pollution carried out in control stations located along the river. Using such determined estimates of all control signals describing the level of pollution in the rivers, higher accuracy of water quality control was obtained in comparison with a case based solely on measurements of some easily accessible parameters. While designing the presented solution, a mathematical model of a physical object was used which was a section of a river understood as a certain mathematical abstraction binding together variables characterizing the state of the object, interaction of external signals and its reaction. It has been assumed that the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration is the starting point at the stage of water quality status modeling as many other indicators of pollution level are associated with it. Such an indicator may be biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) which also reflects the DO consumption in rivers and represents the degradation of water quality. Having a mathematical model of pollution distribution in the river and real measurements, numerical simulations created the possibility of influencing the changes in pollution indicators (BOD and DO) in specific conditions and in a specific time. The paper verifies the compliance of the proposed mathematical model of the object with the actual representation of the local river Wislok in the Subcarpathian province in Poland.     

不同粒径泥沙共存对污染物生物降解影响的试验研究

针对不同粒径泥沙对于含沙水体内污染物生物降解有不同的影响,文章以经稀释的生活污水为模拟污染物,以天然河流细颗粒泥沙为试验材料,采用BOD浓度衰减法研究了不同粒径组泥沙的多种工况条件下含沙水体内污染物的生物降解过程,对含不同粒径组合试验水样的降解动力学过程、五日生化需氧量、半衰期和降解速率常数等方面进行了分析,初步得出了不同粒径泥沙共存对含沙水体污染物生物降解的影响规律。试验结果表明：低浓度污染物条件下,含沙水体污染物的生物降解符合一级反应动力学过程;不同粒径组合条件下,各试验水样的五日生化需氧量、半衰期和降解速率常数等均没有显著差异;不同粒径泥沙共存对含沙水体污染物生物降解过程的影响不显著。     

Nonlinear model-based dissolved oxygen control in a biological wastewater treatment process

The dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration has been an important process parameter in the biological wastewater treatment process (WWTP). In this paper, we propose a nonlinear control scheme to maintain the dissolved oxygen level of an activated sludge system. Without any linearization or model reduction, it can directly incorporate the nonlinear DO process model with on-line estimation of the respiration rate (R) and the oxygen transfer rate (K_La). Simulation results show that it outperforms a control performance of the PID controller. Since it incorporates the process disturbance and nonlinearity in the controller design, the suggested method can efficiently deal with the operating condition changes that occur frequently in the wastewater treatment process.     

预估智能控制系统在污水处理中的应用研究

针对污水处理中溶解氧浓度控制具有较大惯性、纯滞后、具有一定不确定性及难以建立精确的数学模型等特点,提出了具有预估功能的智能控制策略,利用Matlab中的Simulink工具,对溶解氧智能控制系统进行了仿真实验,仿真结果验证了该控制策略的鲁棒性和有效性,具有推广应用的价值。     

Characterization of Phases in an as-cast Copper-Manganese-Aluminum Alloy

Copper-manganese-aluminum （CMA） alloys, containing small additions of Fe, Ni, and Si, exhibit good strength and remarkable corrosion resistance against sea water. The alloys are used in as-cast condition, and their microstructure can show wide variations. The morphology, crystallography and composition of the phases presented in an as-cast （CMA） alloy of nominal composition Cu-14%Mn-8%Al-3?-2%Ni were investigated using optical, electron optical, and microprobe analytical techniques. The as-cast microstructure consisted of the grains of fcc α and bcc β-phases alongwith intermetallic precipitates of various morphologies. The room temperature microstructure exhibited four different types of precipitates inside the α-grains： the ＇large＇ dendritic-shaped particles and the cuboid-shaped precipitates, which were rich in Fe and Mn and had an fcc structure, while the ＇small＇ dendritic-shaped particles and the globular precipitates were based on FeaAI and had DO3 structure. These four different morphologies of intermetallic precipitates exhibited discrete orientation-relationships with the α-matrix. The β-grains only contained very small cuboid shaped precipitates, which could only be resolved through transmission electron microscopy. These precipitates were found to be based on Fe3Al and had the DO3 structure.     

用实时控制SBR实现生活污水的短程硝化

采用间歇式活性污泥法 (SBR)处理生活污水 ,根据反应过程中DO、pH值和氨氮、亚硝酸氮、硝酸氮浓度变化的相应关系 ,控制曝气终点 ,实现了短程硝化。研究表明 ,短程硝化与全程硝化是相对的 ,没有绝对的短程硝化。对亚硝酸菌占绝对优势的混合液 ,进行长时间延时曝气 ,短程硝化可向全程硝化转化。实时控制是实现短程硝化的关键。采用实时控制方法 ,在 32± 1℃ ,亚硝酸氮积累率长期稳定地维持在 99%以上。在 2 1±1℃ ,通过控制低溶解氧浓度和曝气时间可实现短程硝化。     

CDMA EV DO容量的分析研究

分析影响EV DO网络前、反向容量的因素,为CDMA EV DO数据业务网规网优提供方法论的指导,达到数据用户吞吐量的最大化,满足日益增长的多用户高速数据接入的需求。