超声场强化污泥对流干燥热湿耦合迁移过程的数值模拟

为理论上有效预测超声作用对污泥对流干燥过程的影响,基于非平衡热力学理论,建立了超声场作用下污泥对流干燥热湿耦合迁移过程的数学模型.对不同声能密度作用下污泥内部温度及湿度场分布进行数值模拟.结果表明,超声作用可以有效加速污泥内部的湿迁移过程,但超声强化效果随污泥厚度增大而逐渐减弱.此外,超声热效应使污泥温度有所升高,但污泥内部的温度梯度却略有降低,因此,污泥内部由温度梯度引起的湿分扩散并未因超声波作用而得到强化.     

水下控制腔内部自然对流换热特性及其影响因素研究

海洋装备电子控制腔有效散热能力是其持续工作的重要保证。以含内热源的封闭腔体为研究对象,采用基于Boussinesq近似的零方程模型对腔内空气的湍流自然对流进行建模,并使用有限体积法完成数值计算,分析了腔体内部温度分布和空气流动规律。结合控制腔功能设计要求,着重讨论了热源不同位置,铝合金隔板厚度和间距等因素对气密腔体内自然对流散热效果的影响规律。研究的结果为海底长周期运行装备控制腔热设计提供了参考依据。     

高速电主轴单元的热态特性分析

由于电主轴系统高速运转时,产生大量的热,并导致热变形,本文基于ANSYS对高速电主轴单元的热态特性进行分析。文中采用有限元法对高速电主轴系统模型进行建模,并计算了电主轴系统的发热量及各部位热对流,通过ANSYS进行分析,得到了高速电主轴单元的温度分布、主轴端部的轴向和径向偏移量及位移图。从热态性能中可以分析得出热感应预载荷,并计算得出相应的强度和临界速度。同时研究发现,为了获得更多的预载荷,应该考虑热感应预载荷的影响。     

Experimental investigation on evaporation interface temperature and evaporation rate of water in its own vapor at low pressures

Evaporative phase transitions are widely present in industrial production and daily life such as thin film processes and crystal growth. The evaporation of the liquid layer and the thermocapillary convection affect each other and restrict each other, making the energy transfer mechanism of the evaporation interface very complicated. To understand the evaporation characteristics of water in its low-pressure pure vapor environment, a series of experimental studies were carried out on the temperature distributions and evaporating rate of water evaporation in the annular pool. The cylinder temperature of the annular liquid pool is controlled between 3℃ and 15℃, and the evaporation environment pressure ranges from 394 Pa to 1467 Pa, when the temperature measurement starts, the depth of water is 10 mm. The results show that the temperature of the vapor side on the liquid-vapor interface is higher than that of the liquid side and there is an obvious temperature jump across the vapor-liquid interface. With the decrease of the pressure ratio, the evaporation rate increases, and the interface temperature jump is enlarged. Meanwhile, with the increase of the distance from the cylinder, the local evaporation rate decreases, thus, the temperature jump decreases. At the same pressure ratio, as the cylinder temperature increases, the heat flux from vapor side decreases, the temperature jump decreases at all measurement points. Within the experimental controlled parameters, the maximum temperature jump obtained in the measurements is 2.56℃. Due to the coupling effect of evaporation cooling and thermocapillary convection, there is a uniform temperature layer with a thickness of about 2 mm under the evaporation interface. The thickness of the uniform temperature layer near the cylinder is always larger than that in the middle of the evaporation interface. In the uniform temperature layer, the thermocapillary convection induced by radial temperature gradient transfers heat from the cylinder to the liquid-vapor interface to compensate for the latent heat of evaporation. Below the uniform temperature layer, the temperature rises rapidly due to heat conduction and buoyancy convection.     

侧向凝固通道偏析的数值模拟

建立了二元系凝固过程通道偏析形成的数学模型,给出了描述焓与温度及固相分数耦合关系的表达式.在实验验证的基础上,对亚共晶与过共晶成分的NH4Cl-H2O侧向凝固通道偏析的形成位置与生长方向进行了数值模拟研究.模拟计算结果表明,偏析通道起源于糊状区,偏析通道中的富集溶质从糊状区流向液相区.为了维持偏析通道中的液体流动,枝晶间液体可通过糊状区从液相区得到补充.糊状区中富集溶质的流动方向取决于析出溶质的密度.NH4Cl-70%H2O侧向凝固时,析出的溶质密度较小,偏析通道倾斜向上生长,在糊状区上部形成A偏析.NH4Cl-90%H2O侧向凝固时,析出的溶质密度较大,在糊状区下部偏析通道倾斜向下生长.     

脉冲电流对Al及Al-5.3%Zn合金宏观组织的影响

研究脉冲电流作用下凝固的纯Al及Al-5.3%Zn合金的宏观组织变化.实验表明:脉冲电流能够对纯Al及Al-5.3%Zn合金中晶粒的形状和尺寸产生比较显著的影响.与未施加脉冲电流相比,晶粒得到细化、等轴化.脉冲电流作用下剧烈的强迫对流促进晶粒从型壁上游离,增加金属熔体的形核率,晶粒得到细化.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MACRO-SEGREGATION IN STEEL INGOT DURING SOLIDIFICATION

A mathematical model coupling the momentum, energy and species conservation equations was proposed to calculate the macro-segregation of Fe-C alloy ingot during solidification. The corresponding simulation software which concurrently solves the macroscopic mass, momentum, energy and species conservation equations has been developed by applying the SIMPLE algorithm. The thermo-solutal convection in a NH4 Cl-H2O ingot is verified and the result shows good agreement with that reported. Then macro-segregation in a steel ingot is simulated by using the developed program. The steel ingot is in a rectangular mold with a riser. The fluid flow is mainly induced by the temperature field and the solid fraction. The macro-segregation pattern is mainly affected by the thermo-induced convection in the mushy zone. The negative segregation forms along the walls of the casting. The positive segregation forms at the top center of the casting into the riser. The species concentration reaches the peak in the center of the ingot where solidification ends lastly.     

基于逆向概率密度函数的一维污染源排放重构

应用逆向概率密度函数进行一维对流扩散方程污染释放过程重构,给出了采用逆向概率与传统优化过程的流程图和主要区别。采用逆向概率密度函数进行污染源重构,其微分方程求解次数等于观测数据量,有效地降低了数值计算量。应用逆向概率密度函数结合优化算法针对一维对流扩散方程中正态波式和矩形波式的污染源排放过程重构的仿真结果显示:对于1～2个污染物正态函数波释放过程,采用一到两个监测点即可准确得辨识出主要参数;3个正态函数波释放过程,采用3个监测点,辨识结果仍有一定误差,可能与模型的非线性特征或释放过程波的相互干扰有关。矩形波释放过程,采用三个监测能准确辨识出所有参数。     

Buoyancy convection in a cavity with mutually orthogonal heated plates

Buoyancy driven convection in a square cavity induced by two mutually orthogonal arbitrarily placed heated thin plates is studied numerically under isothermal and isoflux boundary conditions. The flow is assumed to be two-dimensional. The coupled governing equations were solved by the finite difference method using the Alternating Direction Implicit technique and Successive Over Relaxation method. The steady state results are depicted in terms of streamline and isotherm plots. It is found that the resulting convection pattern is stronger for the isothermal boundary condition. A better overall heat transfer can be achieved by placing one of the plates far away from the center of the cavity for isothermal boundary condition and near the center of the cavity for isoflux boundary condition.