聚乙烯醇作为固定化细胞包埋剂的研究

以聚乙烯醇为包埋剂 ,探索其制备固定化细胞小球的工艺过程 ,着重从小球颗粒的机械强度、传质性能及微生物活性等三个方面来选择其最适宜的包埋条件。最后 ,还对固定化细胞的保存进行了试验研究     

Cytoskeletal response of microvessel endothelial cells to an applied stress force at the submicrometer scale studied by atomic force microscopy

Cytoskeleton fibers form an intricate three-dimensional network to provide structure and function to microvessel endothelial cells. During accommodation to blood flowing, stress fiber bundles become more prominent and align with the direction of blood flow. This network either mechanically resists the applied shear stress (lateral force) or, if deformed, is dynamically remodeled back to a preferred architecture. However, the detailed response of these stress fiber bundles to applied lateral force at submicrometer scales are as yet poorly understood. In our in vitro study, the tip, topography probe in lateral force microscopy of atomic force microscopy, acted as a tool for exerting quantitative vertical and lateral force on the filaments of the cytoskeleton. Moreover, the authors developed a formula to calculate the value of lateral force exerted on every point of the filaments. The results show that cytoskeleton fibers of healthy tight junctions in rat cerebral microvessel endothelial cells formed a cross-type network, and were reinforced and elongated in the direction of scanning under lateral force of 15-42 nN. Under peroxidation (H(2)O(2) of 300 micromol/L), the cytoskeleton remodeled at intercellular junctions, and changed over the meshwork structures into a dense bundle, that redistributed the stress. Once mechanical forces were exerted on an area, the cells shrank and lost morphologic tight junctions. It would be useful in our understanding of certain pathological processes, such as cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, which maybe caused by biomechanical forces and which are overlooked in current disease models.     

考虑车间资源负荷比率的制造单元设计方法

采用了基于相似系数的整数规划和考虑车间资源负荷分配比率的二次规划相结合的方法,分两步得到了零件族和设备组.在基于Matlab的软件平台上,分别利用其优化工具箱和遗传工具箱对生产过程中的实例进行了仿真和应用.     

Corrosion behavior and magnetocaloric effect of FeNi(1J85) coated LaFe_(11.6)Si_(1.4)/Sn composites

The FeNi coated LaFe_(11.6)Si_(1.4)/Sn composites were prepared by hot pressing(HP). The microstructure,corrosion behavior and magnetocaloric effect(MCE) of FeNi coated LaFe_(11.6)Si_(1.4)/Sn composites were investigated systematically. The results show that the corrosion resistance of FeNi coated LaFe_(11.6)Si_(1.4)Sn composites is better than that of LaFe_(11.6)Si_(1.4)/Sn composites in deionized water. The maximum magnetic entropy change((-△S_M)~(max)) and relative cooling power(RCP) of FeNi coated LaFe_(11.6)Si_(1.4)/Sn composites are 13.30 J/(kg-K) and 146.25 J/kg, respectively, which are larger than that((-△S_M)~(max), 10.65 J/(kg·K) and RCP, 106.53 J/kg) of LaFe_(11.6)Si_(1.4)/Sn composites in a low magnetic field change of 2 T. FeNi coated LaFe_(11.6)Si_(1.4)/Sn composites possess a more negative slope. The improvement of magnetic properties is due to high permeability FeNi permalloy(1 J85) which improves the itinerant-electron metamagnetic(IEM) transition. So, the method of coating FeNi can provide a new idea for enhancing the corrosion resistance and magnetocaloric effect of La(Fe_xSi_(1-x))_(13)-based materials.     

冲击加载条件下AZ31B镁合金变形孪晶的微观特征

采用分离式Hopkinson压杆(SHPB)对A231B热轧板材沿轧向进行冲击实验,加载应变率约为1200 s-1．利用金相显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察微观组织特征。结果表明：在应变量约为0.003的条件下,压缩孪生{10?1}/<10?2>与拉伸孪生{1?02}/< 1?01>均为孪生塑性变形机制,这与准静态加载下单一的拉伸孪生机制不同。孪晶内部的微观特征演化过程包括：1）平行排列基面层错的出现;2）与孪晶界成特定角度平行排列位错线的形成;3）位错胞的产生。     

基于DNA染料EMA的RT-PCR技术定量检测海产品中病原性副溶血弧菌活细胞

将一种DNA染料叠氮溴化乙锭(ethidium bromide monoazide,EMA)与实时定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术相结合,建立一种能选择性定量检测牡蛎中trh阳性副溶血弧菌活细胞的新方法。结果表明：使EMA成功插入死细胞DNA并且光解溶液中游离EMA的最佳曝光时间为20min;不抑制副溶血弧菌活细胞DNA扩增的最大EMA质量浓度为2.0μg/mL;完全抑制热致死细胞DNA扩增的最小EMA质量浓度为1.0μg/mL;人工污染牡蛎样品,不经过富集,在2.0×103～2.0×107CFU范围内细胞数的常用对数值与Ct值之间呈严格的负相关性,并且纯培养与人工污染牡蛎样品的RT-PCR检测限均为2×103CFU,即人工污染牡蛎样品的RT-PCR检测灵敏度为每克牡蛎样品400个活细胞;冻融实验表明,在温度低于55℃的水浴中对冷冻海产品进行解冻时,冻融过程对副溶血弧菌活细胞几乎没有影响。该方法是一种快速、灵敏且能有效鉴别并定量检测病原活细胞的新方法。     

小麦低聚肽对H2O2所致HepG2细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

分析小麦低聚肽氨基酸组成和相对分子质量分布,并对其保护过氧化氢所致人肝癌细胞(HepG2)氧化损伤的作用进行了研究。首先采用不同浓度小麦低聚肽作用HepG2细胞4 h,然后用150μmol/L过氧化氢氧化损伤细胞4 h,以细胞存活率、细胞内活性氧(ROS)及丙二醛(MDA)含量评价小麦低聚肽对HepG2细胞的保护作用。结果表明,小麦低聚肽相对分子质量小于1 000的组分高达93.44%,谷氨酸及脯氨酸含量较高;小麦低聚肽具有增加细胞存活率、抑制细胞内ROS生成、降低细胞内MDA含量的活性,对减少HepG2细胞的氧化应激及提高细胞抗氧化能力具有较好的作用效果。本研究从细胞水平上揭示了小麦低聚肽对过氧化氢所致的肝脏损伤具有一定的预防保护作用。     

Issues Related to the Use of Blood in Food and Animal Feed

Blood has traditionally been used as a high protein ingredient in both human food and animal feed, with resulting economic, environmental and nutritional benefits. However, potentially serious health and safety issues related to blood consumption, particularly the risk of pathogenic or harmful metabolic materials, the infectivity of prion diseases, and the presence of identified allergens such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), are causing many consumers to shy away from any product containing either animal blood or ingredients derived from animal blood. Thus, despite the significant volumes of blood produced by slaughterhouses, blood is currently underutilized as a food ingredient. This article reviews the use of animal blood as an ingredient in food intended for human consumption or for animal feed and discusses the related consumer concerns.     

Purification of novel anti-inflammatory peptides from enzymatic hydrolysate of the edible microalgal Spirulina maxima

Natural bioactive peptides have been known as ingredients in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. In this study, the potential anti-inflammatory peptides were purified from enzymatic hydrolysate of the edible microalgae Spirulina maxima using gastrointestinal endopeptidases (trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and pepsin). Purification of the hydrolysate resulted in two peptides with amino acid sequences of LDAVNR (P1, 686 Da) and MMLDF (P2, 655 Da). It was found that peptides P1 and P2 exhibited significant inhibition on the release and production of histamine from antigen-stimulated RBL-2H3 mast cells. Moreover, the suppressive effect of P1 and P2 on production as well as expression of interleukin-8 in histamine-stimulated EA.hy926 endothelial cells was determined. Notably, the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species from mast cells and endothelial cells was decreased in the presence of P1 or P2. Collectively, the peptides P1 and P2 from S. maxima could be used as functional ingredients with potent anti-inflammatory benefits.