Application of MSD prevention practices by nursing staff working in healthcare settings

ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to examine the application of MSD prevention practices among nursing staff and to identify organizational factors that may or may not support their application.MethodsWe measured the application of prevention practices and its determinants by means of a questionnaire filled out by 399 nurses and nursing staff in Canada. A qualitative component was conducted with two focus groups in order to validate and enrich the interpretation of the survey results.ResultsResults show that most respondents “often” (4) apply MSD prevention practices in their daily professional tasks. Significant differences were observed based on position, mission of the institution, degree, and training.ConclusionsThe characteristics of the nursing staff (position, training, etc.) and the specificities of the setting must be taken into consideration in MSD prevention interventions for nursing staff.     

Atomic scale mechanisms for the amorphisation of irradiated graphite

Molecular dynamics simulations using empirical potentials reveal HOPG graphite’s response to irradiations. Two different methodologies: displacement cascades and Frenkel pair accumulations, probe the primary damage and dose effect, respectively. This work reveals that in HOPG graphite primary knock-on atoms with initial energies less than 40 keV do not induce amorphisation by direct impact. Rather, defects stabilise and persist after a single irradiation event. However, amorphisation occurs via the accumulation of defects mimicking multiple events. Before amorphisation the graphite structure undergoes three stages of evolution characterised by (i) an increase in point defects; (ii) a wrinkling of graphene layers pinned by small amorphous pockets; and (iii) a full amorphisation of the structure via percolation of the small amorphous pockets. This structural evolution gives way to an irradiation induced volume change of the HOPG graphite. In the first stage, interstitials contribute, as expected, to c-axis swelling, while vacancies contribute to basal plane shrinkage. Subsequently, rippling of the graphene layers induces the overall volume to change. A power law relation illustrates the relation between the c-axis swelling and the basal-plane shrinkage as a function of the irradiation dose.     

长春第一汽车制造厂职工生活区工业遗产保护性规划研究

长春是东北一座老工业城市,而当时的长春第一汽车制造厂则是典型代表。对于见证一汽建设、成长和发展的职工生活区应该积极地予以保护及利用。本文通过介绍一汽职工生活区的历史沿革,对其空间特征进行分析,提出保护原则及街区保护性规划建议。     

试论企业员工应具备的安全素质

从企业职工、管理人员和决策人员3个层面入手，对煤矿企业员工应具备的安全素质进行了论述。     

Response of structure and mechanical properties of high entropy pyrochlore to heavy ion irradiation

Material with superior damage tolerance, chemical durability, and structure stability is of increasing interest in high-level radioactive waste management and structural components for advanced nuclear systems. In this paper, high-entropy (La_0.2Ce_0.2Nd_0.2Sm_0.2Gd_0.2)₂Zr₂O₇ with pyrochlore-type structure was synthesized through conventional solid-state method. The as-synthesized high-entropy oxide maintained crystalline after being irradiated by using Au³⁺ with 9.0 MeV energy at the fluence of 4.5 × 10¹⁵ ions·cm^-2, indicating its high tolerance to heavy-ion irradiation. The irradiation-induced order-disorder transition from pyrochlore structure to defective fluorite structure occurred in high-entropy (La_0.2Ce_0.2Nd_0.2Sm_0.2Gd_0.2)₂Zr₂O₇. After irradiation, no irradiation-induced segregation was observed at grain boundary. Moreover, the mechanical properties of high-entropy pyrochlore were improved. The heavy-ion irradiation resistance mechanisms of high-entropy pyrochlore were discussed in detail. Our work identified high-entropy (La_0.2Ce_0.2Nd_0.2Sm_0.2Gd_0.2)₂Zr₂O₇ can be a promising candidate for immobilization of high-level radioactive waste as well as advanced nuclear reactor system from the perspective of irradiation resistance.     

Towards controlled cationic polymer growth from inorganic oxide defects: Directing the mechanism of polystyrene grafting from γ-irradiated silica

Most studies on surface-initiated controlled polymerizations for the synthesis of polymeric covalent organic-inorganic hybrid materials focus on chemical methods requiring specific modifications of the inorganic substrate. Few mechanistically-aware approaches have been undertaken towards exploiting the reactivity of defects induced by physical techniques such as ionizing radiations or UV–Vis light. Within this framework, we take grafted polymerization of styrene from γ-irradiated silica as a mechanistic testing ground where para- and diamagnetic silica defects are present, and polymerization proceeds through both radical and cationic mechanisms, resulting in a bimodal molecular weight distribution. We show that these mechanistic intricacies can be sorted out by resorting to the chemical arsenal developed in the last decades for controlled polymerizations. Specifically, we obtained a silica-polystyrene grafted material by cationic grafting from at 30 °C, a unimodal molecular weight distribution, and a relatively high molecular weight (Mn = 7.4 kDa) with a PDI of 1.68.     

压力容器用钢辐照脆化评估方法比较

虽然经过了30多年的努力,在脆性转变温度区域预测压力容器用钢的断裂韧性仍然存在较大的不确定性.通过比较现有的评价材料断裂韧性的方法,对近些年发展起来的特征曲线法的理论基础提出质疑,指出传统的参照脆性转变温度的断裂韧性曲线法是建立在较坚实的物理基础之上,虽然常被认为过于保守,却是可靠的.通过对单相组织和多相组织断裂韧性试验结果的分析,强调在理论和实践上解决解理断裂韧性不确定性的出路在于对解理断裂物理过程的认识和评价方法的改进.     

高职教育中石化专业专业课的教学思考

高职教育中石化专业专业课承担着更多的学生技能和素质培养的任务,教学中必须重视和突出实践性原则,加强教材改革,强化专业理论知识,培养精良的“双师型”师资队伍,利用专业课对学生职业能力培养。     

5 cGyγ射线照射正常人淋巴母细胞基因表达转录谱的变化

应用基因芯片技术分析5cGγ低剂量60^Coγ射线照射正常人淋巴母细胞（AHH-1）后基因转录产物水平变化,探讨低剂量辐射对基因表达的影响规律。5eGy印Co7射线照射AHH-1细胞后4h,提取总RNA,用包含有14112个基因探针的人类cDNA芯片分析基因转录谱,照射组与对照组细胞的基因表达量差异比值大于2或小于0．5,两次检测结果一致的基因点为有效差异表达基因;用RT-PCR进一步验证部分差异表达基因;Western blot分析蛋白表达变化。结果筛选出了11个表达上调基因,9个表达下降基因：RT-PCR检测结果与芯片结果相一致,包括Connexin43、BMPR2、NOL6、IDC51760、LYK5等基因;Western blot证实Connexin43基因在翻译水平表达亦增加。实验结果表明所筛选出的差异表达基因有助于阐述低剂量辐射生物效应机理,部分基因有可能成为低剂量辐射暴露的生物标志物。     

关于影视动画专业双师型师资队伍建设的探讨

影视动画专业能否办出特色关键在于怎样培养适应市场的高技能型和技术应用型人才,"双师型"专业教师是确保培养目标实现的关键。针对现有师资情况进行分析,从加强专业带头人和骨干教师的培养和引进、双师结构专业教学团队的建设、动态的优秀兼职教师库的建设三个方面阐述了解决双师型教师短缺的措施和建议。