Effect of Incorporating Taro (Colocasia esculenta), Rice (Oryza sativa), and Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Flour Blends on Noodle Properties

Noodles were produced by blending varying proportions (20, 30, 40, 50, and 60% levels) of taro flour with remaining equal proportions of rice and pigeon pea flour, which were evaluated for anti-nutritional, cooking, textural, and sensory properties and possible correlations between various noodles' properties were established using principal component analysis. Anti-nutritional evaluation of noodles revealed a decrease in phytic acid content, as the percentage of taro flour in the noodles increased. Pasting properties of the blends were also measured, which differed significantly (P < 0.05). Taro flour addition produced noodles with decreased gumminess, adhesiveness, b* value, and increased a* value as compared to the control sample (100% wheat flour). Significant correlations among various noodle properties were established using principal component analysis. Texture and color can be adopted as distinguished parameters for analyzing the noodle samples using a principal component analysis loading plot. Noodles containing 50% taro flour, with remaining equal proportions of rice and pigeon pea flour, resulted in the highest scores for color, taste, firmness, and overall acceptability.     

Effects of banana flour and β-glucan on the nutritional and sensory evaluation of noodles

The purpose of this study is to determine the nutritional and sensory attributes of the yellow alkaline noodle (YAN) prepared from 30% matured green banana (Musa acuminata × balbisiana Colla cv. Awak) flour (BF) and with addition of 10% oat β-glucan. The substitution of wheat flour with BF resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) higher total dietary fibre (TDF), and especially insoluble dietary fibre (IDF), resistant starch (RS) and total starch contents. Thirty percent of BF significantly (p < 0.05) improved the antioxidant properties (AP) of noodles in terms of the total phenolic (TP) content and inhibition of peroxidation. Noodle incorporated with 30% BF and added oat β-glucan showed the lowest GI and carbohydrate digestibility rate, and higher concentrations of essential minerals (magnesium, calcium, potassium and phosphorus) and proximate components, with the exception of crude fat, when compared to the control. Sensory evaluation indicated that the quality of the 30% BF-substituted noodle was comparable to the control.     

Effect of Compositional Variation of Gluten Proteins and Rheological Characteristics of Wheat Flour on the Textural Quality of White Salted Noodles

Protein quality parameters of wheat flour, as well as protein content, showed significant relationship with hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, adhesiveness, chewiness, and gumminess of the cooked noodles. A significant positive correlation (0.54) was observed between glutenins and hardness of noodles. Chewiness of the noodles increased with the protein content, sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation volume, dough development time, dough stability, and glutenins. Hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness of the noodles were negatively affected by gliadin to glutenin ratio. Multiple regression analysis depicted significant relationships of the various noodle quality parameters with wheat flour characteristics. The results revealed that the relative composition of the gliadins and glutenins had a considerable effect on the textural profile of noodles indicating their defining contribution on the noodle quality. The resulting information could be useful in predicting the noodle-quality potential of the varieties.     

黄淮麦区优质强筋、中筋小麦粉品质特性与面条性质的相关性分析

本研究采用质构检测与感官评价2种方式分别对29种不同强筋、中筋小麦粉制作的面条进行评价,并对小麦粉品质特性与面条质构及感官评价的相关性进行分析.结果表明:拉断力是贯穿小麦粉性质、面条质构评价、面条感官评价的参数,针对黄淮麦区强筋中筋小麦粉制备的面条,拉断力可以作为其面条评价的关键指标.     

OPTIMAL COOKING TIME OF NOODLES RELATED TO THEIR NOTCH SENSITIVITY*

White salty and yellow alkaline noodles were prepared raw and also as cooked for varying periods between 2 and 14 min by boiling in distilled water and then tested in tension at room temperature on a universal testing machine to characterize their stress–strain and fracture behaviors. From these tests, it was deduced that a period of～7 min of cooking time for both types of noodles produced the greatest notch sensitivity. A sensory panel was constructed to evaluate the sensorily perceived optimal cooking time of these products. This perception correlated well with the notch sensitivity results obtained from the tensile tests. From a materials perspective, solids that are notch‐sensitive have firm mechanical links between their structural components. Raw, undercooked and overcooked noodles variably lack this. These results suggest that notch sensitivity may be important in sensory perception and help in constructing a physical definition of “cookedness” for these types of food.     

RADIONUCLIDES IN NOODLES AND BREAD CONSUMED IN HONG KONG

ＲＡＤＩＯＮＵＣＬＩＤＥＳ　ＩＮ　ＮＯＯＤＬＥＳ　ＡＮＤ　ＢＲＥＡＤ　ＣＯＮＳＵＭＥＤ　ＩＮ　ＨＯＮＧ　ＫＯＮＧＫＮＹｕ（余君岳）ａｎｄＳＹＭａｏ（茅瑞恩）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＰｈｙｓｉｃｓａｎｄＭａｔｅｒｉａｌｓＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ，ＣｉｔｙＵｎｉ...     

小麦籽粒质量性状与兰州拉面感官质量关系研究

为研究小麦籽粒质量性状与兰州拉面产品感官质量之间的关系,明确影响兰州拉面质量的主要籽粒性状,以黄淮冬麦区70个小麦品种为试验材料,测定小麦品种籽粒质量性状,实验室制作兰州拉面,拉面师傅评价拉面制作过程,感官评价小组评价产品感官特性。结果表明,容重、籽粒色泽b*值、吸水率与兰州拉面"制作过程评价总分"和产品"感官评价总分"均呈显著或极显著正相关,籽粒蛋白质含量、沉降指数、GMP含量、拉伸参数与"制作过程评价总分"呈显著或极显著负相关。籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量与"感官评价总分"呈极显著负相关。优质兰州拉面小麦品种或拉面专用粉应具有较高的容重、较高的籽粒色泽b*值,适中的籽粒蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量,以及中等强度的拉伸能量。     

贮藏条件对方便面过氧化值的影响

对5份方便面试样在不同的贮藏条件下放置50d,期间每隔10d检测一次过氧化值。研究结果表明,高浓度氧气能促进方便面过氧化值的升高,光照是影响方便面过氧化值重要因素,不同温度下方便面的过氧化值随贮藏时间的延长而呈现上升趋势。常温下过氧化值的增幅要比冷藏和冷冻条件下大。     

半干米粉的发酵工艺优化及蒸煮品质、质构特性分析

以半干米粉的吐浆率和质构特性作为评价指标,探讨自然发酵和接种发酵对半干米粉蒸煮品质和质构特性的影响,并在单因素实验基础上应用响应面法优化发酵工艺,得出较优的发酵工艺条件,并对其进行蒸煮品质和质构特性分析。结果表明：半干米粉在(25±2)℃的温度下自然发酵3 d时蒸煮品质和质构特性的表现是能接受的,而接种发酵在发酵温度35℃、菌种添加量106 CFU/g时仅发酵48 h蒸煮品质和质构特性就达到最佳;响应面优化接种发酵工艺的参数为发酵温度35℃、发酵时间52 h、菌种添加量106 CFU/g,在此条件下半干米粉吐浆率为(4.32±0.05)%。本实验获得的半干米粉与不发酵的样品对比可知,硬度提高了55.61%、黏性降低了92.88%、弹性提高了4.34%、咀嚼性提高了125.89%、内聚性提高了6.46%、回复性提高了8.46%、吐浆率降低了50%。