Purex流程铀钚分离工艺中锝对镎走向的影响

在HNO3-U(Ⅳ)-N2H4-Tc(Ⅶ)-Np(Ⅴ)体系中,Np(Ⅴ)迅速还原为Np(Ⅳ)。对比研究表明,Tc是该体系中Np(Ⅴ)迅速还原的主要原因。该体系中的主要反应是U(Ⅳ)将Tc(Ⅶ)还原为Tc(Ⅳ),进而Tc(Ⅳ)将Np(Ⅴ)还原为Np(Ⅳ)。本文通过串级和台架实验研究了该体系中锝对镎走向的影响。结果表明,Np(Ⅴ)的还原速度随HNO3浓度、初始Tc浓度的增大和温度的升高而加快。在模拟Purex流程铀钚分离工艺的条件下,试管串级和微型混合澄清槽台架实验结果表明,提高1AP料液中Tc(Ⅶ)的浓度、升高反应温度,Np进入1BU中的百分含量增加。     

锕系元素钚、镅、镎年龄相关的生物动力学模式

本文根据ＩＣＲＰ６７号出版物提出的关于锕系元素年龄相关的生物动力学模式及相应的基本参数,说明涉及锕系元素钚、镅、镎年龄相关的代谢参数值导出过程,以便加深对现行模式的理解,进一步了解相关参数值其间的纵横联系。     

'99 237 Np放射性标准溶液的活度测量比对

本文总结了1999年国内组织的237Np放射性标准溶液活度测量比对的各个实验室的测量结果,共有3种不同的装置参与了测量,获得了6个测量数据,比对最后结果的算术平均值:(1704±16.4)Bq·g-1.     

~(238)Np全套中子数据更新评价

裂变核全套中子评价数据为反应堆设计和安全运行、乏燃料次锕系核素嬗变、嬗变系统及高燃耗反应堆设计提供重要的基础数据。本文以一套全新的n+238 Np的中子光学模型势参数为基础进行理论分析,并根据Np各同位素反应截面系统变化规律,对模型势参数进行了调整,最后完成了全套中子数据的更新评价,与CENDL-3.1评价结果相比有较明显的改进。     

237Np、238Pu、241Am和90Sr在水泥、变质水泥固化块和水泥砂浆粉-土壤中迁移的野外试验研究

本文介绍了237Np、238Pu、241Am和90Sr在水泥、变质水泥和水泥砂浆粉-土壤体系的野外迁移试验方法和结果.将以石英砂为载体的四种核素的示踪源层,铺放在普通水泥试块和变质水泥试块内,以及以水泥砂浆粉为载体的四种核素的示踪源层,埋置在黄土包气带试验坑50 cm深处进行实验.在喷淋降水(5 mm/h×3 h/d)和天然降水两种条件下,核素在普通水泥试块、变质水泥试块和水泥砂浆粉中,三年的野外迁移试验结果显示,四种核素均看不出明显迁移.经过1 100多天,每种示踪剂迁移距离都在1 mm范围内.每种示踪剂从源层迁移到试块内的量只占源层投放量的5%左右,95%左右的核素仍存留在示踪源层内.尽管埋置后的变质水泥试块性能明显不如普通水泥试块,但核素在两种水泥试块中的迁移规律并未发现明显差异.核素在水泥砂浆粉中近1 100天野外实验期间迁移不到1 mm,说明水泥砂浆粉对核素迁移有很强的阻滞作用.     

Natural and anthropogenic U in environmental samples

The interaction of thermal neutrons with ²³⁵U results in fission with a probability of ∼85% and in the formation of ²³⁶U (t_1/2 = 2.3 × 10⁷ yr) with a probability of ∼15%. While anthropogenic ²³⁶U is, therefore, present in spent nuclear fuel at levels of ²³⁶U/U up to 10⁻², the expected natural ratios in the pre-anthropogenic environment range from 10⁻¹⁴ to 10⁻¹⁰. At VERA, systematic investigations suggest a detection limit below ²³⁶U/U = 5 × 10⁻¹² for samples of 0.5 mg U, while chemistry blanks of ∼2 × 10⁷ atoms ²³⁶U per sample limit the sensitivity for smaller samples. We have found natural isotopic ratios in uranium reagents separated before the onset of human nuclear activities, in uranium ores from various origins and in water from a subsurface well in Bad Gastein, Austria. Anthropogenic contamination was clearly visible in soil and rivulet samples from Salzburg, Austria, whereas river sediments from Garigliano river (Southern Italy) were close to the detection limit. Finally, our natural in-house standard Vienna-KkU was calibrated against a certified reference material (IRMM REIMEP-18 A).     

用于XRF测量微量Np的磁助分离制样方法

建立磁助捕集分离制样法,使用超顺磁性TiOA固相捕集剂捕集溶液中的镎,利用外加磁场快速分离制样,实现捕集、分离及制样同时完成,可直接使用X射线荧光测量样品中Np的含量。研究了反应时间、固相捕集剂用量、液相体积及酸度等因素对测量的影响,给出了推荐测量分析流程。使用磁助捕集分离制样,对Np的质量检出下限为0.12μg,质量浓度检出下限为0.04mg/L,满足Purex流程3EU工艺点测量Np的要求。     

食品中~(237)Np 和~(239)Pu 的同时测定

本文给出了食品中~(237)Np 和~(239)pu 的同时分析方法,该方法用草酸钙浓集,用三正辛胺(TOA)从8N 盐酸体系中萃取,然后电沉积制源,在低本底α谱仪上测定。本方法对~(237)7Np 和~(239)Pu 的全程回收率分别为(80.1±9.6)%、(75.2±7.8)%;灵敏度分别为6.0×10~(-16)、6.1×10~(-16)Ci/g(灰)。本文还给出了五种食品中~(237)Np 和~(239)Pu 的分析结果。     

Acoustic Modes and Momentum Relaxation in 2D Atomic Hydrogen on Helium Surface

Seeking for manifestations of superfluidity in 2D spin-aligned atomic hydrogen (H↓) adsorbed on the surface of liquid helium at T∼0.1 K we consider possible acoustic modes in this 2D Bose gas depending on frequency and on characteristic times of energy and momentum transfer. At high frequencies, the analogues of ordinary and second sound are realized in 2D H↓. At low frequencies, the 2D analogue of the fourth sound is realized: the normal component of hydrogen and ripplons are immobile and only the superfluid component of hydrogen participates the oscillations. We also estimate the rate of momentum relaxation between superfluid hydrogen and ripplons, τ _HR⁻¹ ∝ T ^13/3. The most promising for observing the superfluidity in 2DH↓ is the fourth sound, which could be excited, e.g., by ESR.     

Fe3GaAs/GaAs(0 0 1): a stable and magnetic metal-semiconductor heterostructure

We show that in agreement with the ternary Fe-Ga-As phase diagram, the solid-state interdiffusions in epitaxial Fe/GaAs(0 0 1) heterostructures lead, at a temperature of approximately 500 °C, to the formation of thermodynamically stable Fe₃GaAs/GaAs(0 0 1) contacts quite similar to the well-known silicide/Si ones. The Fe₃GaAs films are made of grains epitaxial on GaAs with a well-defined interface. Their magnetic and electrical properties make Fe₃GaAs on GaAs an attractive metallization scheme for future magnetoelectronic devices. The results we report concern (25 or 80 nm Fe)/GaAs(0 0 1) heterostructures annealed at 480 and 500 °C for 10 min and characterized ex situ by He⁺ Rutherford backscattering and ion channeling, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and alternating gradient field magnetometry.