^237Np与^233Pa的分离与测定

采用多孔高硅氧玻璃作吸附柱，研究了在8mol/LNHO3介质中^237Np与子体^233Pa的分离和测定。研究结果表明，用H2SO4解吸^233Pa，能使^237Np与^233Pa定量分离。^237Np和^233Pa的放化回收率分别为99％－101％和99％－103％，方法的相对标准偏差分别为2％和3％。     

基于α谱的尿中237Np的测量方法

²³⁷Np属于高毒组核素,吸入人体后,会产生内照射危害。基于尿样中²³⁷Np的分析测量既是常规监测的重要手段,也是研究职业工作人员人体²³⁷Np剂量水平的关键方法,通过共沉淀预浓集,讨论了尿样中²³⁷Np的前处理过程,系统地研究了TEVA萃取色谱树脂分离纯化和电沉积过程对²³⁷Np化学回收率的影响。结果表明：该法对²³⁷Np的化学回收率可达88.5%,方法检测限为2.55×10^-5 Bq/L。该分析方法满足常规监测要求,适用于大体积尿样中²³⁷Np的监测评价。     

溶剂萃取法从辐照镎靶溶解液中提取分离钚的萃取价态选择Ⅰ:Pu(Ⅳ)-Np(Ⅳ)北大核心CSCD

采用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)溶剂萃取法对从辐照镎靶溶解液中提取分离钚的可行性进行了研究。从料液制备、流程设计两个方面研究了Pu(Ⅳ)-Np(Ⅳ)组合作为萃取价态组合的可能性。研究了1,1-二甲基肼(UDMH)还原-亚硝酸钠氧化两步法将镎、钚控制在Pu(Ⅳ)-Np(Ⅳ)的方法。结果表明,99.9%以上Pu(Ⅳ)-99.5%以上Np(Ⅳ)在4 h内能够保持稳定。基于此,设计了从辐照镎靶溶解液中提取分离钚的萃取流程,并用串级实验进行了验证:1A中镎的回收率为99.5%;1B中镎的反萃率为0.8%,钚的反萃率为99.9%;1C中镎的反萃率为99.5%。结果表明,采用Np(Ⅳ)-Pu(Ⅳ)的价态组合进料,基本可实现镎钚的分离,但料液中Np(Ⅳ)-Pu(Ⅳ)价态的长时间稳定性及TBP对Np(Ⅳ)萃取能力弱等问题将影响该工艺的实际应用。     

二甲基羟胺还原Np(Ⅵ)的反应动力学

用分光光度法研究了HNO3介质中二甲基羟胺(DMHAN)还原Np(Ⅵ)的动力学。通过考察还原剂浓度和酸度等条件对Np(Ⅵ)动力学过程的影响,确定了反应的动力学速率方程为-dc(Np(Ⅵ))/dt=kc(Np(Ⅵ))c(DMHAN)/c0.6(H+),在温度θ=25℃、离子强度I=4.0 mol/kg时,速率常数k=289.8(mol/L)-0.4/min。研究了离子强度c、(U(Ⅵ))和温度等因素对反应的影响。结果表明,离子强度和c(U(Ⅵ))对反应速率无显著影响,25℃时反应活化能为53.3 kJ/mol;随着温度的升高,反应速率加快。并在此基础上推测了可能的反应机理。     

237Np、238Pu、241Am和90Sr在包气带黄土、含水层和工程屏障材料中迁移行为的野外试验研究

本文介绍了^237Np、^238Pu、^241Am和^90Sr在包气带黄土、含水层和工程屏障材料(膨润土、水泥、变质水泥、水泥砂浆粉)中迁移行为的野外试验的方法和结果。在包气带黄土和工程屏障材料中的迁移试验是在天然和喷淋(15mm／d)两种条件下进行的，含水层迁移试验包括核素在用未扰动含水介质填装的组件试验与核素在未扰动含水介质中的示踪试验。经过3年试验，核素在天然条件下的包气带黄土中以及无论在天然还是喷淋条件下的工程屏障材料中，示踪剂未见明显迁移(即未迁移出示踪源层外)；在喷淋条件下，在包气带黄土中通过石英砂示踪源层^90Sr(质心)向下迁移2．7cm，通过示踪源层外边缘上的黄土向下迁移13cm(峰位)；^237Np、^238Pu、^241Am未见明显迁移。发现石英砂做示踪剂载体对黄土非饱和水有屏流作用，影响核素迁移，以石英砂和黄土做载体的对比实验证实了这一点。^90Sr、^237Np、^238Pu和^241Am在未扰动含水层介质示踪试验中经1023d未见明显迁移，仍在示踪源点。含水层组件试验中^238Pu和^241Am未见明显迁移，在组件8(面源)中，^237Np向后迁移0．95cm，^90Sr(质心)迁移4．7cm。试验结果还表明，核素在变质水泥和普通水泥中迁移(3年)规律未见明显差异。     

QCM Measurements of Superfluid Response in 4He Films up to 180 MHz

At finite frequencies, a dynamic Kosterlitz–Thouless (KT) theory predicts a frequency dependence of the superfluid transition in ⁴He films on planar surfaces. We report results of QCM measurements to study the superfluid response on planar gold surfaces for very high frequencies up to 180 MHz in the temperature range of 0.6–1.0 K. As the frequency is increased, we observed the expected KT behavior that the superfluid transition shifts to a higher temperature from the static transition temperature T _KT and the transition temperature region broadens. The frequency dependence of the dissipation peak temperature at the transition agrees with a simple equation of the frequency dependence based on the dynamic KT theory. The microscopic parameter for the dynamic transition, the ratio of the diffusion constant to the square of the vortex core radius D/r ₀ ², is estimated to be on the order of 10¹⁰ s⁻¹.     

Nonlinear Transport of Wigner Solid on Superfluid 3He–A

Electrons trapped on the surface of liquid helium form the Wigner solid accompanied with the periodic surface deformation (dimple lattice). Because of the soft surface, the Wigner solid shows unique nonlinear transport properties. Here we present the results of the nonlinear transport measurements of the Wigner solid on the superfluid ³He A phase at temperatures down to 200 μK in a magnetic field of 0.363 Tesla. The transition from linear to nonlinear behavior is observed as increasing the driving voltage. This behavior is very similar to those previously observed in the B phase and normal phase, and attributable to the deformation of the dimple shape caused by the strong damping of liquid ³He.     

Deposition of BN films on metal substrates from a fluorine-containing plasma

Boron nitride (BN) films were deposited on Mo, W, Ni, Ti and Zr substrates by DC arc jet chemical vapor deposition using a gas mixture of Ar-N₂-BF₃-H₂ at 50 Torr, a substrate temperature of 850-1150 °C, and a − 85 V substrate bias. Cubic BN (c-BN) films showing clear c-BN Raman peaks were obtained on Mo and W, but they did not adhere well to the substrates. Hexagonal or turbostratic BN was deposited predominantly on Ni substrates, which is similar to the preferable deposition of graphitic carbons in diamond CVD. High quality c-BN films with good adhesion were obtained on Ti and Zr. The reasons for these differences among metal substrates are discussed.     

The use of Al-Al2O3 cold spray coatings to improve the surface properties of magnesium alloys

Pure Al and 6061 aluminium alloy based Al₂O₃ particle-reinforced composite coatings were produced on AZ91E substrates using cold spray. The strength of the coating/substrate interface in tension was found to be stronger than the coating itself. The coatings have corrosion resistance similar to that of bulk pure aluminium in both salt spray and electrochemical tests. The wear resistance of the coatings is significantly better than that of the AZ91 Mg substrate, but the significant result is that the wear rate of the coatings is several decades lower than that of various bulk Al alloys tested for comparison. The effect of post-spray heat treatment, the volume fraction of Al₂O₃ within the coating and of the type of Al powder used in the coatings on the corrosion and wear resistance was also discussed.