一种基于改进渗流模型的混凝土表面裂缝快速检测算法

由于混凝土表面不平整、光照不均、裂缝背景较为复杂等因素的干扰,传统的基于图像处理的裂缝检测方法对裂缝检测的效果不佳,尤其是不清晰和比较细小的裂缝。基于渗流模型的裂缝检测方法充分考虑了裂缝亮度低、形状较为细长的特点,对裂缝的检测效果很好,尤其是图像中的细小裂缝,但是该方法需要大量的处理时间。为了解决上述问题,提出了一种加速渗流处理的算法,该算法通过暗点预提取来减少渗流时需要处理的像素点个数,以此来减少渗流处理时间。实验结果表明,所提算法能明显加快渗流处理的速度,并且精确率基本保持不变。     

Supercritical CO2 and low-pressure solvent extraction of mango (Mangifera indica) leaves: Global yield,extraction kinetics,chemical composition and cost of manufacturing

Low-pressure solvent extraction (LPSE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) were used to obtain extracts from mango (Mangifera indica) leaves. Kinetics curves were determined for both methodologies. The extracts chemical compositions and manufacturing costs were determined for both processes. Global yield isotherms for SFE process were determined at 10–40 MPa and 313–323 K. The highest yield was 2.24% at 30 MPa and 323 K; the LPSE yield (9.3%) was almost three times higher than that of SFE (3.6%). Thin layer chromatography showed that mango leaves extracts have several classes of compounds as alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids, recovered by both methods. The cost of manufacturing (COM) mango leaves extracts were US$ 32/kg and US$ 92/kg for LPSE and SFE, respectively.     

Thermal conductivity of binary ceramic composites made of insulating and conducting materials comprising full composition range – Applied to yttria partially stabilized zirconia and molybdenum disilicide

The thermal diffusivity and conductivity of dense and porous binary composites having an insulating and conducting phase were studied across its entire composition range. Experimental evaluation has been performed with MoSi₂ particles embedded into yttria partially stabilized zirconia (YPSZ) as prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The thermal diffusivity of the composites was measured with Flash Thermography (FT) and Laser Flash Analysis (LFA) techniques. Subsequently, the thermal conductivity was determined with the measured heat capacity and density of the composites. The actual volume fraction of the conducting phase of the composites was determined with image analysis of X-ray maps recorded with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The phases present and their density were determined with X-ray diffractometry (XRD) using Rietveld refinement. The thermal diffusivity increases with increasing volume fraction of MoSi₂. Porosity reduces the thermal diffusivity, but the effect diminishes with high volume fractions MoSi₂. The thermal diffusivity as a function of the MoSi₂ volume fraction of the YPSZ composites is captured by modelling, which includes the porosity effect and the high conductivity paths due to the percolation of the conductive phase.     

The fraction and percolation of soft interfaces in granular composites containing polyhedral and ovoidal fillers: A theoretical and numerical study

Interface fraction and percolation around the fillers are the two significant factors related to the properties of granular composites and their solution is susceptible to the features of components. Understanding the relationship among the polydispersity of particulate components, interface fraction and percolation of interfaces is essential to the design and optimization of materials in a variety of fields. In this work, a numerical study on the influence caused by the morphologies, sizes and heterogeneities of individual phases is conducted, in which the composites are simplified as four-phase structures including polyhedrons, ovoids, soft interfaces and homogeneous matrix. By coupling these models and statistical geometry, the volume fraction ϕ_int of interfaces around the polydisperse binary-shaped fillers is derived theoretically and its reliability is verified. Afterward, the continuum percolation of interfaces in the polyphase systems are further studied and the critical percolation threshold ϕ_core,c is obtained. Based on the values of ϕ_core,c, the sensitivity of interface percolation to the shape- and size-diversities of particulate fillers is comprehensively analyzed and formulized by an analytical model. Through this in-depth study, some findings about the impact of shape- and size-heterogeneities of particulate phases on the interface features, which have not been presented previously, are clarified.