Biophotofuel cell anode containing self-organized titanium dioxide nanotube array

We made a biophotofuel cell consisting of a titanium dioxide nanotube array photosensitive anode for biomass decomposition, and a low-hydrogen overpotential metal, Pt, as the cathode for hydrogen production. The titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO₂ NTs) were prepared via electrochemical oxidation of pure Ti in NaF solutions. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the morphology of the nanotubes. The average diameter, wall thickness and length of the as-prepared TiO₂ NTs were 88 ± 16 nm, 10 ± 2 nm and 491 ± 56 nm, respectively. Such dimensions are affected by the NaF concentration and the applied voltage during processing. Higher NaF concentrations result in the formation of longer and thicker nanotubes. The higher the voltage is, the thicker the nanotubes. The photosensitive anode made from the highly ordered TiO₂ NTs has good photo-catalytic property, as can be seen from the test results of ethanol, apple vinegar, sugar and tissue paper decomposition under ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It is concluded that the biophotofuel cell with the TiO₂ nanotube photoanode and a Pt cathode can generate electricity, hydrogen and clean water depending on the pH value and the oxygen presence in the solutions.     

基于小波包能量谱的结构损伤预警方法试验研究

摘 要：通过钢梁损伤试验,验证基于小波包能量谱的结构损伤预警方法在实际结构上应用的有效性。对钢梁进行完好工况和三个损伤工况的动力响应测试,对得到的响应进行小波包分解,考察损伤前后各个特征频带的能量变化。试验结果显示,损伤预警指标ERV和ERVD能够对三种损伤工况做出有效预警;同一工况的多次测试得到的损伤预警指标ERVD虽有变化但变化不大。基于小波包能量谱的结构损伤预警指标对结构损伤具有敏感性、对测试噪声具有鲁棒性,可以用于实际结构损伤预警。     

带压堵漏作业防护探索与研究

本文分析了泄露现场的化学和物理危害因素及由此导致的各种后果,而且针对泄露事故对作业人员不同部位的伤害提出了相对应的个人防护用品,同时提供了与之相对应的国家行业标准.     

Synergetic photocatalytic and thermocatalytic aqueous phase reforming of methanol for hydrogen production based on noble metal/photosensitive supports catalysts

To overcome high Gibbs free energy and low reaction rate of thermal catalytic and photocatalytic hydrogen production from methanol-H₂O mixture, photo-thermal synergistic catalysis (PC-TC) reforming has proved to be an effective strategy owing to the photo-assited thermal synergistic effect to accelerate the step controlling kinetic behavior. In order to efficiently produce H₂, proper photosensitive catalysts which absorb light energy and also show efficient thermal catalytic (TC) performance need to be developed. To study the designing principle for catalysts, herein we incorporate Pt/Pd and three different supports which show similar band gaps (ZnO, CeO₂, and P25) through the in-situ photo-deposition, which act as catalysts for PC-TC methanol aqueous reforming. The resultant 0.1%Pt/P25 catalyst exhibits H₂ evolution activity ～3.1 times than that of the TC condition and ～5.5 times than that of the photocatalytic reforming (PC) condition in the proposed PC-TC process; meanwhile 0.1%Pt/ZnO and 01%Pt/CeO₂ under PC-TC condition show ～1.3 times and ～2.0 times than that of the catalytic performance under TC condition. The physical characterizations prove that the metal-support interaction and the supports may be key factors for the catalytic performance. The active intermediate trapping experiments demonstrate possible intermediates in the PC-TC process and established reaction mechanisms to explain the synergetic effect for improved efficiency of hydrogen production. These findings may open up a new avenue of designing catalysts based on semiconductors for the PC-TC reforming of methanol-water to produce hydrogen in a high-efficiency and low-cost way, serving the needs of the future hydrogen economy.     

Effect of pH,co-monomer content,and surfactant structure on the swelling behavior of microgel-azobenzene-containing surfactant complex

The contraction/swelling transition of anionic PNIPAM-co-AAA particles can be manipulated by light using interactions with cationic azobenzene-containing surfactant. In this study the influence of pH-buffers and their concentrations, the charge density (AAA content) in microgel particles as well as the spacer length of the surfactant on the complex formation between the microgel and surfactant is investigated. It is shown that the presence of pH buffer can lead to complete blocking of the interactions in such complexes and the resulting microgel contraction/swelling response. There is a clear competition between the buffer ions and the surfactant molecules interacting with microgel particles. When working in pure water solutions with fixed concentration (charge density) of microgel, the contraction/swelling of the particles is controlled only by relative concentration (charge ratio) of the surfactant and AAA groups of the microgel. Furthermore, the particle contraction is more efficient for shorter spacer length of the surfactant. The onset point of the contraction process is not affected by the surfactant hydrophobicity. This work provides new insight into the interaction between microgel particles and photo-sensitive surfactants, which offers high potential in new sensor systems.     

光固化3D打印离型膜在树脂作用下的变形分析

在光固化光敏树脂成型过程中,聚四氟乙烯离型膜会在树脂液位的波动影响下发生变形,进而影响光固化制件的精度,因此需要减小离型膜在制件过程的变形量,确保其相对稳定。首先分析树脂液位变化,通过液位变化量,等效出树脂液波动带给离型膜的载荷,建立离型膜受力模型。然后基于离型薄膜的挠度变形理论,应用Ansys软件进行模拟研究,对不施加预应力和施加不同预应力作用下的离型膜变形结果分析,结果表明施加预应力有利于提高离型膜稳定性,且施加预应力为2. 645M Pa时离型膜受到树脂波动影响最小,位置精度变化在0. 01 mm。     

试论减少浸渍坯表面黏附沥青的途径

在浸渍生产过程中,浸渍坯表面经常出现沥青"反渗"现象,这一现象直接影响到浸渍制品的质量。同时增加了生产过程浸渍剂的消耗,导致工序成本增加,污染了环境。本文分析了浸渍坯表面黏附沥青的原因、危害,并提出相应的解决途径。     

暴风雪中的轻型钢结构房屋

介绍沈阳、鞍山地区暴风雪中门式刚架轻型钢结构厂房仓库受损情况,并对今后设计施工提出建设性意见.     

Effect of Ce,Sb and Sn on mechanism and activation energy for crystallisation of X‐ray irradiated photosensitive glass

Abstract

Abstract

This work aims to determine the effect of Ce, Sb, Sn and Ag on the mechanism and activation energy of crystallisation for an X‐ray irradiated photosensitive lithium silicate glass composition and to compare it with the one that contained only Ag. According to the obtained results, while the addition of Ce, Sb and Sn changed the crystallisation mechanism of lithium silicate crystal from two‐ to three‐dimensional growths, these additions did not affect the activation energy of crystallisation for lithium metasilicate. Differential thermal analysis was used for studying the mechanism and activation energy for crystallisation of these glasses through the Matusita and the modified Kissinger methods; SEM and XRD were used to investigate the lithium silicate and silver crystallisation in the glasses.