Selective extraction,structural characterisation and antifungal activity assessment of napins from an industrial rapeseed meal

This article reports an extraction–purification of napins from an industrial rapeseed meal and the assessment of their antimicrobial activity against Fusarium langsethiae. The best extraction conditions are observed at pH 2, 12% (w/w) of rapeseed meal after 15 min of extraction in water at room temperature. Under these conditions the extraction is highly selective, allowing a simple purification process (ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by desalting size exclusion chromatography) to get purified napins. These napins possessed significant anti-Fusarium activity (IC₅₀ = 70 μM) and a compact secondary structure rich in α-helix, which may explain this bioactivity.     

Gamma irradiation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) flours and pastes: Effects on functional,thermal and molecular properties of isolated proteins

In a previous study irradiation of cowpea flours and pastes at medium (10 kGy) and high (50 kGy) doses resulted in significant changes in protein-related functional properties. To understand some of the effects of gamma irradiation on cowpea proteins in particular, we isolated proteins from cowpea flours (FPC) and pastes (PPC) treated with gamma irradiation at 2, 10, and 50 kGy and analyzed their functional, thermal and molecular properties. Nitrogen solubility index of both FPC and PPC decreased, whereas oil absorption and emulsion capacities increased significantly with increasing irradiation dose. Differential scanning calorimetry showed decreases in transition temperatures (T_d) and enthalpies (ΔH), indicating a progressive denaturation of cowpea proteins with increasing irradiation. Size exclusion HPLC revealed increases in protein molecular weights, probably due to protein–protein cross-linking with irradiation in a dose-dependent manner. Reducing SDS-PAGE of FPC and PPC samples seems to suggest that the contribution of disulphide bonds to irradiation-induced cowpea protein–protein cross-linking is small.     

Sulfolobus tokodaii strain 7高温酸性α-淀粉酶基因在大肠杆菌中克隆表达及其酶学性质

以超嗜热古菌Sulfolobus tokodaii strain 7基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增高温酸性α-淀粉酶基因ST0817,将此基因克隆至表达载体pET15b,并转化大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21-CodenPlus(DE3)-RIL,获得重组大肠杆菌工程菌。通过热处理、镍柱亲和层析和分子筛层析,得到纯化重组酶,SDS-PAGE分析表明,该酶分子量为53.0 kDa。酶学性质研究表明,该酶最适温度和pH分别为75℃和5.5;具有较强的热稳定性和pH稳定性,在85℃处理8 h保持50%左右活力,在pH 5.2处理120 min仍保持50%活力。此酶对不同底物水解活性不同,直连淀粉>可溶性淀粉>支链淀粉>β-极限糊精>糖原>环糊精>普鲁兰糖;该酶对有机溶剂、变性剂和金属离子具有一定抗性。     

Salt in food processing; usage and reduction: a review

Salt is one of the most widely used additives in food industries because of its low cost and varied properties. It has a preservative and antimicrobial effect as a direct consequence of the capacity of sodium chloride to reduce water activity values. In addition, sodium chloride is a flavour enhancer as a consequence of its effect on different biochemical mechanisms. It also has flavour enhancing effects from reducing or enhancing the enzymatic activity of some enzymes responsible for the development of different organoleptic parameters. Trends in sodium chloride use in food industries point to salt replacement or reduction by means of the use of sodium chloride substitutes such as KCl or phosphates; flavour enhancers and the optimisation of the physical form of salt. This trend has arisen as a result of the greater awareness of the negative effects of excess dietary intake of sodium, which has been linked to hypertension and consequently an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The average total daily sodium intake per individual in developed countries is 4–5 g of Na, which is up to 25 times greater than the minimum adult requirement.     

Olive oil-in-water emulsions stabilized with caseinate: Elucidation of protein–lipid interactions by infrared spectroscopy

This paper reports a FT-IR study for probing lipid and protein structural changes and their interactions in various oil-in-water emulsions. Two different emulsions were prepared using sodium caseinate, as stabilizer system, without and with microbial transglutaminase (MTG), denominated E/SC and E/SC + MTG respectively. Proximate composition, fat and water binding properties and textural characteristics were also evaluated in the emulsions. Penetration force and gel strength values were used to distinguish different (P < 0.05) textural behaviours depending on the formulation of emulsifying system. E/SC + MTG emulsion showed gel textural behaviour while E/SC lack of this property. The spectral results showed frequency upshifting of the amide I band in going from protein stabilizer systems isolate (the solution used as reference) to their corresponding emulsions, what is attributable to greater protein structural order upon emulsion formation. Enzymatic action of MTG in the sodium caseinate stabilizing system induces structural changes, in terms of lipid chain disorder or lipid–protein interactions and protein secondary modifications, which may reflect the formation of a gel structure in the emulsion. These results could help to choose the stabilizing system that is most suitable and effective for its use in the formulation of food products.     

毕赤酵母工程菌表达猪β-干扰素

根据毕赤酵母密码子偏爱,人工合成了猪β-干扰素(PoIFN-β)基因,构建了重组载体pPICZA-PoIFN-β。重组载体经Sac I线性化后,电击转入毕赤酵母GS115,对在含博莱霉素(Zeocin)平板上生长的转化子进行鉴定,得到分泌表达猪β-干扰素的毕赤酵母基因工程菌株GS115/pPICZA-PoIFN-β。以1%甲醇诱导GS115/pPICZA-PoIFN-β表达。十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析表明,工程菌株实现了猪β-干扰素的高效分泌表达,表达产物为相对分子质量22ku和26ku的混合物,表达蛋白量约为80mg/L。     

牛奶蛋白纤维氨纶包芯纱的生产

为了顺利生产牛奶蛋白纤维氨纶包芯纱,对各工序纺纱工艺参数进行了优选.生产前对牛奶蛋白纤维进行预处理,清梳工序采用低速度、大隔距、多梳少打、均匀混和、快转移、小张力的工艺原则,并条采用顺牵伸,粗纱适当加大捻度、减少后区牵伸倍数,细纱采用重加压、大后区隔距、小后区牵伸、小钳口隔距等技术措施.措施实施后,成纱质量好,条干均匀.     

Genetically modified starter and protective cultures

Modern approaches towards starter and protective culture improvement rely on advances in molecular biology. For most microorganisms used for food production, gene technological methods have been well developed. By recombinant DNA technology, ‘tailor-made’ starter and protective cultures may be constructed so as to combine technically desirable features. A single strain which normally would fail to accomplish a given ‘wtask’ may now be improved so as to meet a set of requirements necessary for a specific production or preservation process (e.g. wholesomeness, no off-flavour production, overproduction of bacteriocins or particular enzymes). In addition, undesirable properties (e.g. mycotoxin or antibiotic production by cheese moulds) may be eliminated by techniques such as ‘gene disruption’.     

芝麻营养原液的开发与研究

本文对芝麻营养保健成分的提取进行了系统的研究。确定了芝麻营养原液的制取工艺。为充分发挥芝麻的营养保健作用开辟了新的途径。     

国际乳业的热点论题：蛋白质标准化

介绍了蛋白质的标准化这一国际乳品界正热的研究和讨论题目，综述了蛋白质标准化的必要性和世界上目前采用的方法，展望了膜技术在蛋白质标准化上的应用前景。