北京地区土壤中~(232)Th、~(226)Ra、~(40)K浓度及其对天然γ辐射剂量的贡献

为调查北京地区外环境中来自地层的天然放射性核素的辐射剂量,在用现场辐射仪测量的同时,用φ75×75mm NaI(Tl)-塑料反符合低本底γ谱仪,分析了北京地区143个土壤样品。结果表明,北京地区表层土壤中~(232)Th、~(226)Ra 和~(40)K 浓度随地点、地形、成土母质类型有很大变化,其平均浓度分别为8.61×10~(-6)g/g、4.98×10~(-13)g/g 和2.31×10~(-6)g/g。由~(232)Th 及其子体、~(226)Ra 及其子体和~(40)K 平均浓度所致离地面1m 高处的空气吸收剂量率分别为2.31μrad/h、0.79μrad/h 和2.58μrad/h,总计为5.68μrad/h;~(232)Th 及其子体和~(40)K 的贡献约各占40%,~(226)Ra及其子体的贡献小于20%。按全市人口加权的空气总吸收剂量率为5.59μrad/h,由此所致的本市居民的年有效剂量当量为45.2mrem。     

利用HPGe γ谱仪快速测量~(226)Ra

HPGeγ谱分析中,一般通过测量222Rn的子体来确定样品中226Ra的含量,这种方法需要对样品密封数周后测量,无法实现样品中226Ra含量的快速测量。文章分析了样品γ谱中186 ke V全能峰的计数来源,对使用186 ke V全能峰计算出的226Ra的含量结果进行修正,得到较好的实验结果,实现了用186 ke V全能峰快速测量样品中Ra的含量。     

浙江省土壤中天然放射性核素含量调查

本文报告浙江省土壤中天然放射性核素含量的调查结果。全省共采集土壤样品533个,分析方法采用γ谱法。结果表明:浙江省土壤中天然放射性核素含量随地区、地形、地貌和土壤类型而变,按网格点的平均含量为:~(238)U,46.3Bq/Kg(范围为13.5—123.0B_q/Kg);~(226)Ra,43.4Bq/Kg(17.4—150.2B_q/Kg);~(232)Th,63.0Bq/Kg(26.3—156.5B_q/Kg);~(40)K,771B_q/Kg(118—1603B_q/Kg)。     

封闭腔内高瑞利数层流自然对流数值模拟

采用两种时间推进数值方法，对封闭腔内层流自然对流换热进行了各种瑞利数(Ra)条件下的模拟研究，总结了流态转捩时所表现的数值模拟方面的某些现象规律．当瑞利数不大于10^6时，两种数值方法计算结果一致，计算精度高．当瑞利数大于10^6后，数值收敛及计算结果与网格数，网格疏密程度，时间步长，松弛因子等因素密切相关，而与所选择的两种数值方法无关．给出了封闭方腔自然对流流态转捩临界瑞利数．     

铀尾矿库环境氡及其子体的测量与评价

本文报道了铀水冶尾矿库环境中的放射性和非放射性有害物质的监测结果。对氡及其子体在环境中的分布作了调查,结果表明,表层尾矿的氡析出率平均为1.92±0.35Bq/m~2s,尾矿库空气中氡浓度平均为42.8±6.0Bq/m~3,氡子体浓度平均为(1.02±0.09)×10~(-1)μJ/m~3,不同方位离覆矿库1—3km范围的氡浓度降至9.3±0.8Bq/m~3(本底水平)。尾矿库管理人员的年有效剂量当量来自氡子体的平均值为0.723mSv,来自γ辐射的平均值为1.93mSv,两者之和占职业照射人员的年容许剂量当量的6.7％。附近居民通过尾矿库所增加的年有效剂量当量,氡子体为2.1×10~(-2)mSv,γ辐射为5.6×10~(-2)mSv,两者之和约为广大居民的年限制剂量当量的7.7％。对退役尾矿库提出尾土植被措施,在尾矿库表面覆盖厚0.5m粘性较大的黄土时,氡析出率降至0.302Bq/m~2s,γ辐射强度降至1.13×10~(-1)μGy/h。     

碱土元素锶,钡,镭年龄相关的生物动力学模式

本文介绍ＩＣＲＰ６７号出版物提出的关于碱土元素年龄相关的生物动力学芨相应的基本参数,说明涉及碱土元素锶,钡,镭年龄相关的代谢参数值的导出过程,以便加深对现行模式的理解,进一步了解相关参数值其间的纵横联系。     

近紫外芯片激发三基色荧光粉制作的白光LED

使用近紫外半导体芯片激发红绿蓝三基色荧光粉,制作了白光发光二极管（LED）,并研究了其光电特性。结果表明,采用发射峰值波长分别在613、495和451nm的红绿蓝荧光粉,在波长400nm左右半导体芯片激发下的白光LED,其显色指数Ra最大为82;使用YAG荧光粉代替绿色荧光粉后,Ra提高到93。测试结果还表明,当工作电...     

Mast Cell Cytokines IL-1, IL-33, and IL-36 Mediate Skin Inflammation in Psoriasis: A Novel Therapeutic Approach with the Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines IL-37, IL-38, and IL-1Ra

Psoriasis (PS) is a skin disease with autoimmune features mediated by immune cells, which typically presents inflammatory erythematous plaques, and is associated with many comorbidities. PS exhibits excessive keratinocyte proliferation, and a high number of immune cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes, and mast cells (MCs). MCs are of hematopoietic origin, derived from bone marrow cells, which migrate, mature, and reside in vascularized tissues. They can be activated by antigen-provoking overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines, and release a number of mediators including interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-33. IL-1, released by activated keratinocytes and MCs, stimulates skin macrophages to release IL-36—a powerful proinflammatory IL-1 family member. IL-36 mediates both innate and adaptive immunity, including chronic proinflammatory diseases such as psoriasis. Suppression of IL-36 could result in a dramatic improvement in the treatment of psoriasis. IL-36 is inhibited by IL-36Ra, which binds to IL-36 receptor ligands, but suppression can also occur by binding IL-38 to the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R). IL-38 specifically binds only to IL-36R, and inhibits human mononuclear cells stimulated with IL-36 in vitro, sharing the effect with IL-36Ra. Here, we report that inflammation in psoriasis is mediated by IL-1 generated by MCs—a process that activates macrophages to secrete proinflammatory IL-36 inhibited by IL-38. IL-37 belongs to the IL-1 family, and broadly suppresses innate inflammation via IL-1 inhibition. IL-37, in murine models of inflammatory arthritis, causes the suppression of joint inflammation through the inhibition of IL-1. Therefore, it is pertinent to think that IL-37 can play an inhibitory role in inflammatory psoriasis. In this article, we confirm that IL-38 and IL-37 cytokines emerge as inhibitors of inflammation in psoriasis, and hold promise as an innovative therapeutic tool.     

Microencapsulation of phosphogypsum into a sulfur polymer matrix: physico-chemical and radiological characterization

The aim of this work is to prepare a new type of phosphogypsum-sulfur polymer cements (PG-SPC) to be utilised in the manufacture of building materials. Physico-chemical and radiological characterization was performed in phosphogypsum and phosphogypsum-sulfur polymer concretes and modeling of exhalation rates has been also carried out. An optimized mixture of the materials was obtained, the solidified material with optimal mixture (sulfur/phosphogypsum = 1:0.9, phosphogypsum dosage = 10-40 wt.%) results in highest strength (54-62 MPa) and low total porosity (2.8-6.8%). The activity concentration index (I) in the PG-SPC is lower than the reference value in the most international regulations and; therefore, these cements can be used without radiological restrictions in the manufacture of building materials. Under normal conditions of ventilation, the contribution to the expected radon indoor concentration in a standard room is below the international recommendations, so the building materials studied in this work can be applied to houses built up under normal ventilation conditions.Additionally, and taking into account that the PG is enriched in several natural radionuclides as ²²⁶Ra, the leaching experiments have demonstrated that environmental impact of the using of SPCs cements with PG is negligible.     

大学图书馆的照明质量与照明设计标准的考量

大学图书馆是大学生读书学习的重要场所,图书馆的照明质量对学生的学习和视觉健康有着重要的影响,探讨我国的建筑照明设计标准对图书馆照明的要求和实际中存在的不足,提出解决方式,对保护大学生的视觉健康具有现实意义。