The impact of baking conditions on physico-chemical characteristics influencing topography and appearance aspects of polyurethane coatings

The appearance aspects of an electrodeposited polyurethane-based coating as a function of baking condition were investigated. Specular gloss and color was measured as a mean to trace the changes of the surface topography due to baking conditions. Atomic force microscopy combined with FTIR spectroscopic investigations showed that the shrinkage occurred due to the high baking temperature results in surface roughness. Films baked at higher temperature form higher-T_g networks. The color was changed to yellow as the baking temperature was raised.     

Effect of aldehydes on thermomechanical properties of gluten-based bioplastics

Protein–protein crosslinks play an important role in the design of biodegradable polymeric materials requiring suitable rheological and mechanical properties. The addition of aldehydes to the bioplastic formulation may result in their involvement in some form of protein cross-linking. The objective of this contribution is to evaluate the effect of adding some aldehydes (formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and glyoxal) on the thermomechanical properties of gluten-based biodegradable polymeric materials processed by a mixing stage followed by compression moulding at 9 MPa and 130 °C. Different bioplastic probes were evaluated by means of DMA measurements, recording the elastic and loss moduli as a function of temperature and uniaxial tensile strength tests. Water absorption capacity and solubility under different extraction media of bioplastic specimens, were also evaluated. Solubility measurements were carried out in order to analyse the effect of the aldehyde on the nature of the interactions taking place in the system, being compared to those performed on blends previous to the moulding process. Glyoxal is the aldehyde that seems to produce bioplastics with best thermal and mechanical properties. This study would contribute to evaluate the potentials of adding aldehyde to gluten/plasticiser systems to control the microstructure and properties of the final bioplastics.     

辐射对小鼠骨髓基质细胞分泌血管内皮生长因子的影响

摘要为研究γ射线对小鼠骨髓基质细胞中血管内皮细胞生长因子（Vascular endothclia growth factor,VEGF）的影响,使用不同剂量（0、2．5、5、10Gy）的γ射线全身照射C57BL／6J小鼠。分别用逆转录多聚酶链反应（Reverse transfer polymcrasc chain reaction,RT-PCR）和酶联免疫吸附法（Enzyme linked immunosorbcnt assay,ELISA）法研究了照射后体外培养3、6、10d的骨髓基质细胞中mRNA和培养上清中的VEGF水平。结果发现,对非照射组,随着骨髓基质细胞体外培养时间的延长,其VEGF在基因和蛋白水平都显著升高。受到5Gy或10Gy射线照射后,VEGF随时间变化的总趋势与非照射组相同。在各时间点照射组的VEGF基因表达均高于同时点的非照射组。照射组培养6d上清液中VEGF含量高于同时点的非照射组;而在第10d时,却显著低于同时点的非照射组。分析其原因是因为受到照射后培养10d的骨髓基质细胞数已显著低于非照射同时点的细胞数,其培养上清中VEGF的减少与分泌VEGF的总细胞数减少有关。结果说明,5Gy或10Gy射线会引起骨髓基质细胞VEGF的表达增强。这一现象提示VEGF的表达升高可能是机体的一种代偿性反应,有利于机体造血的重建。辐射后,小鼠骨髓中VEGF的改变与骨髓基质的损伤、造血恢复的关系值得进一步研究。     

乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)的辐射效应研究

用凝胶抽提、凝胶渗透色谱以及傅立叶变换红外光谱等方法研究了两种乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物（Ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers,EVOH）本体和E151／甘油体系的室温辐射效应。在氮气保护下,试样在^60Co源中的吸收剂量最高达到1800kGy。结果显示,EVOH在室温下是一种十分难交联的聚合物。E151本体（乙烯醇摩尔分数56％）在吸收剂量达到800kGy时出现痕量凝胶,当吸收剂量增至1200kGy时,体系凝胶含量也只有5．9％。而F101本体（乙烯醇摩尔分数68％）在1800kGy才出现痕量凝胶。造成这两种EVOH的凝胶化剂量不同的原因是乙烯醇基含量不同。EVOH在辐照过程会产生共轭双键,其含量在辐照初期随吸收剂量的增加而增大,达到最大值后随吸收剂量的增加而减少。双键的存在促使EVOH产生了交联。加入增塑剂甘油后,体系在800kGy以前与本体一样无凝胶,而在800kGy之后凝胶含量随着吸收剂量的增大而增大,且比本体E151的凝胶含量值大。     

辐射交联改善聚合物阻燃性能的研究进展

综述了辐照技术在改善聚合物材料阻燃性能方面的研究进展。随着环保意识的不断加强,人们更加重粤对登合物无卤阻燃材料的开发。辐照技术可通过引发聚合物的交联,从而制备聚合物低卤甚至无卤阻燃藉料,是一种应用前景广阔的新技术。     

秦山核电厂技术改造项目的辐射剂量控制实践

为了提高核电站运行的安全性和可靠性,秦山核电厂自运行以来对系统设备进行了多项技术改造。本文简要介绍了与辐射相关的主要技术改造项目中的辐射剂量控制,包括项目计划、方案制定、过程控制等方面的辐射防护最优化措施和经验。     

甲醇制烯烃(MTO)反应器分布管堵塞原因分析及措施

为解决反应器分布管堵塞导致分布管压差上涨问题,寻求解决方法。对影响反应器分布管堵塞的因素,如MTO装置急冷水、水洗水、浓缩水、废甲醇水、压缩机段间凝液等进行试验和对分布管堵塞原因进行分析。通过优化污水汽提塔操作,控制污水汽提塔塔顶出料冷后温度高于120℃,将污水汽提塔塔顶的低温冷却器切换至高温冷却器和控制较低的pH值(8.0),减少了堵塞物的生成;对不凝气及浓缩水进行工艺改造优化了污水汽提塔的操作,解决了反应器分布管的堵塞问题。含有一定浓度醛酮类物质的浓缩水,在碱性环境中可以发生缩聚反应,在污水汽提塔系统内生成交联物,导致反应器分布管的堵塞。     

辐射诱导增强p53重组腺病毒转染对人结直肠癌细胞的抑制

探讨了辐射诱导对p53重组腺病毒载体转染p53突变型结直肠癌细胞(HT-29细胞系)的影响.以复制缺陷型重组腺病毒载体(AdCMV-GFP)为对照,用复制缺陷型p53重组腺病毒载体(AdCMV-p53)转染经0.5、1.0、2.0 Gy γ射线照射的HT-29细胞,用流式细胞分析法检测细胞凋亡和p53蛋白表达,并用克隆形成法测定细胞增殖能力.结果表明,0.5 Gy辐射诱导明显提高了AdCMV-p53转染对HT-29细胞的抑制,促进细胞凋亡.0.5Gy辐射诱导对AdCMV-p53转染HT-29细胞的抑制杀伤的增强作用最强,0.5 Gy辐射诱导及40 MOI和80 MOIAdCMV-p53转染对肿瘤的抑制率比同等剂量下单纯转染组分别提高约50%和20%,比0.5 Gy单纯辐照组提高40%.因此,0.5 Gy辐射诱导可有效增加低于80 MOI AdCMV-p53转染对HT-29细胞的抑制作用.辐射诱导AdCMV-p53转染HT-29细胞以最大辐射剂量不超过1.0 Gy及AdCMV-p53转染量低于80MOI为宜.     

某企业不同工种的放射工作人员发生甲状腺结节风险分析

采用职业健康体检资料和问卷形式,利用单因素和多因素logistic回归模型,分析探讨某企业内不同工种的放射工作人员暴露在低剂量电离辐射环境下发生甲状腺结节的风险。结果表明,放射工作人员中以混合射线组甲状腺结节发生风险最高,随着年龄和放射工龄的增加发生风险会增加;性别不同与甲状腺结节发生风险有关。     

Radiation induced decontamination of Cr(Ⅵ), Cu(Ⅱ) and phenol in some tannery effluents

Industrialization has led to a number of environmental problems, such as release of toxic metals and other toxic organic and inorganic compounds to the environment. Among all, the rapid expansion of leather related industries in Pakistan have resulted in considerable environmental problems and effluents from processing of both domestic and imported hides and skins have increased pollution to alarming levels. Some tannery effluents of Peshawar area investigated in the present study showed high concentrations of Cr(Ⅵ) (2.7-12.6 mg/L), Cu(Ⅱ) (2.6-11.4 mg/L) and phenol (0.1-4.2 mg/L). These contaminants are very toxic and must be removed from effluents before releasing into water bodies. A new technique of gamma irradiation has been investigated to decrease the load of COD and concentrations of Cr(Ⅵ), Cu(Ⅱ) and phenol associated with tannery effluents to the permitted values. It was observed that concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) in the effluents can be brought to the permitted level by applying radiation dose of 3 kGy. A radiation dose of 2.5 kGy was required to remove more than 95% of Cu(Ⅱ) and 100 % degradation of phenol in tannery effluents could be achieved by only one kGy of radiation dose.