聚合物与水气交替联驱提高采收率试验研究

采用三种不同沉积韵律平面模型试验研究水驱后聚合物与水气交替联驱提高原油采收率的驱替特征。结果表明,聚合物与水气交替联驱对正韵律油藏提高采收率效果很好;对反韵律油藏和复合韵律油藏也有不同程度提高采收率效果。通过分析两种不同韵律砂岩油藏水气交替提高采收率矿场试验成功实例,认为聚合物与水气交替联驱法可综合发挥两种方法的优势,在类似油藏中比单一方法有更好的提高采收率效果。     

克拉美丽气田石炭系火山岩压裂改造规律探索

准噶尔盆地克拉美丽气田石炭系火山岩储层的压裂改造是其“增储上产”和产能评价的重要手段,然而,储层发育部分连通性不佳的微细裂缝在压裂后易于形成复杂裂缝,包括转向裂缝、鱼刺状小裂缝、不同方位的多裂缝、同方位的多裂缝及纵向上的多裂缝等。为此,利用诊断复杂裂缝的近井筒效应分析技术、压裂施工过程分析技术、压后压力分析技术,进行了10井次的对比分析。结果表明：10口井压裂没有产生大的分支裂缝,但是全都产生了裂缝弯曲,其中有50%为轻微弯曲,20%为中等弯曲,30%为严重弯曲。进而得出了克拉美丽气田石炭系火山岩压裂一般不会产生较大的分支裂缝,但是总会产生不同程度的裂缝弯曲的初步认识。     

用标准化全烃值进行地层对比

全烃测量值由于受客观影响因素较多,在以其值高低进行单井纵向及井间横向对比时往往可比性不够理想,该文采用两种方法对全烃进行归一化处理后再进行对比,实际证明效果明显。     

麦尔兹窑煤气喷枪烧损原因分析与改进

对异常烧损的麦尔兹窑煤气喷枪,进行了金相、化学和扫描电镜检验等分析。分析结论:喷枪严重烧损主要是由于用材不当、超温运行、氧化腐蚀和硫化腐蚀所致。介绍实施的改进措施及其成效。     

A chemo-thermo-mechanically coupled analysis of ground deformation induced by gas hydrate dissociation

We present a numerical analysis of gas hydrate dissociation in hydrate-bearing sediments in the seabed ground. Behavior of multiphase materials has been described within the framework of a macroscopic continuum approach through the use of the theory of porous media. The proposed simulation method has been developed based on chemo-thermo-mechanically coupled analysis, taking into account phase changes from solids to fluids, that is, water and gas, flow of water and gas, heat transfer, and ground deformation. From the numerical results, it has been found that ground deformation is induced by generation and dissipation of water and gas, and by reduction of soil strength due to the loss of hydrates.     

有载分接开关气体继电器频繁动作的对策

介绍了国产有载分接开关气体继电器状况,分析了气体继电器频繁动作的原因.     

EPR and Raman study of silicon layers obtained by gas detonation spraying

We demonstrate availability of gas detonation deposition spraying (GDS) to obtain silicon layers that can be used for production of solar cells. Silicon powder remaining as secondary raw material of silicon and/or silicon production is used during GDS. To study defects and structural perfection of initial powders and obtained layers, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and Raman spectroscopy are used. It is shown that one part of EPR spectra displays resonances originating from different nearest-neighbor configurations of silicon dangling bonds, whereas an increase of the total number of paramagnetic defects in GDS silicon layer is related to the rise of conduction electrons or electrons filled band tail states. Thermal annealing of layers in hydrogen ambience further reduces the number of silicon dangling bonds owing to their passivation. Based on the results of X-ray diffraction, EPR and Raman spectroscopy it is assumed that the GDS Si layers are composed of randomly oriented and partially oxidized monocrystalline silicon grains. It is found that optical and photoelectric properties of the layers obtained indicate a possibility to apply them for solar cells production.     

Interfacial modifying layer-driven high-performance organic thin-film transistors and their nitrogen dioxide gas sensors

Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) based on bottom-gate bottom-contact configuration were fabricated by inserting two kinds of modifying layers at the interface of source/drain electrode and organic semiconductor, while nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) sensing capability was also evaluated based on the obtained OTFTs. Compared to OTFT without interfacial layer, the field-effect mobility (μ) was enhanced from 0.018 cm²/Vs to 0.15 cm²/Vs by incorporating with MoO_x interfacial layer. Moreover, when exposed to 30 ppm NO₂, the saturation current and μ of OTFT with MoO_x interfacial layer increase 22.7% and 26.7%, respectively, while in original OTFT, the values are only 3.0% and 3.7%, respectively. The mechanism of performance improvement of OTFT sensor was systematically studied by focusing on the interface of source/drain electrode and organic semiconductor. The reduced contact resistance leads to higher μ, meanwhile, pentacene morphology modulation on MoO_x contributes to better diffusion of NO₂ molecules. As a result, higher μ and more diffused gas molecules enhance the gas sensing property of the transistor.     

Fabrication of ZnO nanorod-based hydrogen gas nanosensor

We report a first work on nanofabrication of hydrogen nanosensor from single ZnO branched nanorods (tripod) using in-situ lift-out technique and performed in the chamber of focused ion beam (FIB) system. Self-assembled ZnO branched nanorod has been grown by a cost-effective and fast synthesis route using an aqueous solution method and rapid thermal processing. Their properties were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy. These analyses indicate high quality ZnO nanorods. Furthermore, our synthesis technique permits branched nanorods to be easily transferred to other substrates. This flexibility of substrate choice opens the possibility of using FIB system for handling.

The main advantage of the proposed in-situ approach is a controllable lift-out procedure which permitted us to obtain a 90% success rate for building nanodevices. The fabricated nanosensor uses only single self-assembled ZnO branched nanorod (tripod) to gauge the 150 ppm H₂ in the air at room temperature. The hydrogen sensitivity is in the range of 0.6–2% depending on which two branches to use. The nanosensor has selectivity against other gases such as O₂, CH₄, CO and LPG, which shows sensitivity of <0.02%. The single ZnO branched nanorod sensor can operate at low power of <5 μW.     

薄膜电容器的失效分析和试验方法

薄膜电容器失效的主要原因在于其保护层防潮性能不好和实际应用中存在交流电。文中先介绍薄膜电容器的生产工艺和电子镇流器的使用环境,再介绍潮湿对电容器的危害作用,以及电容器的失效分析。作者运用详细的原理解释,结合用不同的潮湿试验条件和施加直流电压或交流电压的方法来评估薄膜电容器的实际承受能力,通过优化选择和数据对比,得出结论"85℃,85%RH,施加交流电压"是最有效的试验方法。总之,增强防潮和抗交流电能力可以保证薄膜电容器以及电子镇流器处于高质量水平。