Gas sensing of colloidal polyaniline in a chemoresistor consisting of nanometer electrodes

The high conductivity of colloid-conducting polymers is explained by the networking structures and the hopping mechanisms of the metallic particles [1], [2] and [4]. To observe how the metallic region and the networking structures differ in sensing NH₃ gas, E-beam lithography and electromigration were used to make chemoresistors with nanometer-gap electrodes. Colloid Pani was coated on a nanometer gap as a reaction matrix for the gas. The I-V curves were measured in a vacuum and the NH₃ gas was nonlinear. In sensors with a gap of less than 10 nm, there was a two- or threefold increase in the conductivity, and the work function decreased from 600 meV in a vacuum to 250 meV in NH₃ gas. In contrast, the conductivity of sensors with gaps of 200 and 500 nm decreased to 1/1000 in the NH₃ gas environment. The decrease of the conductivity can be explained by electron-hole annihilation, which appears to occur on the surface of the secondary particles. With comb-type electrodes, the operating voltage can be decreased by three orders of magnitude. In electrodes with 200 and 500 nm gaps, the I-V has a step-type response to NH₃ gas.     

撬式过滤组合在低温甲醇洗工艺中的应用探讨

气体净化中的低温甲醇洗工艺是近年来脱除酸性气体普遍采用的一种净化工艺。该工艺以其技术成熟、溶剂廉价易得、净化度高、选择性好等特性,被广泛应用于合成氨、合成醇类等行业。甲醇循环液的纯净度是保证低温甲醇洗装置的长周期稳定运行的重要前提。撬式过滤组合被应用于低温甲醇洗工艺,能有效确保甲醇液的洁净度。     

基于MSP430F149单片机的煤气泄露监测与报警系统的设计

随着煤气的普及,煤气安全成为一个非常普遍的问题。本系统为解决这个问题提供一种有效的思路。系统以MSP430F149单片机为核心,由一氧化碳气体传感器、语音报警电路、D/A转换电路、GSM无线传输电路等外围电路组成,能够对煤气的浓度进行实时的监测。当一氧化碳的浓度超多预警值时就会发出报警,还可以自动关闭煤气阀门以保障人们的生命和财产安全。此外本系统由于成本低、功耗低、稳定性好、实时性好等特点,可以大范围地应用。     

燃气发动机空燃比控制系统的硬件设计与实现

为了改善燃气发动机的动力性、经济性和排放性,必须提高发动机空燃比的控制精度。本文对此系统给出了总体设计方案,并详细介绍了基于可编程控制器的系统硬件设计。该系统由信号输入电路、键盘、显示电路、报警电路等组成。该装置有很好的实时性和精确性,抗干扰能力强。     

Facile synthesis and enhanced trimethylamine sensing performances of W-doped MoO3 nanobelts

The pure and W-doped MoO₃ nanobelts were prepared via a facile one-step hydrothermal method. The morphology and microstructure of the developed nanobelts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The characterization results showed that as-prepared samples are uniform nanobelts with a mean length of 20 µm and width range of 100–200 nm, and W element was distributed uniformly in MoO₃ nanobelts. The comparison between pure and doped samples was carried out to reveal the superior gas sensing performance of W-doped MoO₃ nanobelts. The results of sensing properties indicate that the sensors based on W-doped MoO₃ nanobelts exhibit high response, good selectivity, and long term stability characteristics towards trimethylamine (TMA) gas, which are promising for trimethylamine sensors used to monitor air-quality and environmental.     

Implication of molecular orientation on charge transport and gas sensing characteristics of cobalt–phthalocyanine thin films

Charge transport and gas sensing characteristics of cobalt phthalocyanine films deposited along (ATB) and perpendicular (PTB) to the natural twin boundaries of (0 0 1) LaAlO₃ substrate have been investigated. The charge carrier mobility of ATB films (∼5 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹) is five orders of magnitude higher compared to that of PTB films (∼7 × 10⁻⁵ cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹), suggesting that twin boundaries acts like a template for ordering of molecules. The ATB films on exposure to ammonia showed a reversible increase of resistance, with fast response and recovery. In contrast PTB films showed same sensitivity, but exhibits base resistance drift along with sluggish response.     

分布式能源系统中燃气轮机热电联产运行方式优化方法

为了对热电联产之中电负荷与热负荷变化进行协调,需对热电供需的不均衡问题进行处理,优化分布式能源的系统之中燃气轮机的热电联产运行方式.同时在传统以热定电与以电定热运行基础上,添加辅助的设备方式,对热电联产运行方式进行补充.本文主要分析了燃气轮机的热电联产两类运行方式,深入研究优化分布式能源的系统之中燃气轮机的热电联产运行方式,为相关研究提供参考.     

Core-shell structure of polypyrrole grown on W18O49 nanorods for high performance gas sensor operating at room temperature

In this work, uniform core-shell structure of polypyrrole wrapped on tungsten oxide nanorods (PPy@W₁₈O₄₉ core-shell nanorods) were synthesized via a two-step process for gas-sensing applications. The core-nanorods of W₁₈O₄₉ were first grown by solvothermal method with tungsten hexachloride (WCl₆) as precursor. The PPy-shell layer was then formed uniformly on the solvothermally synthesized W₁₈O₄₉ nanorods by in-situ chemical polymerization of pyrrole monomer (Py), with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) as dopant and ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidant. High dispersion of Py achieving in ethanol is proved to be crucial to form the uniform PPy-shell layer, and the layer thickness of PPy-shell is highly controlled by adjusting the Py concentration in polymeric solution. The morphology and structure of the nanocomposite were characterized systematically; it shows that the composite exhibits perfect core-shell structure of one-dimensional (1D) nanorods with average diameter of around 70–90 nm. The NH₃-sensing properties of the sensors based on the PPy@W₁₈O₄₉ core-shell nanorods were investigated at operating temperature of 15–130 °C over NH₃ concentration ranging from 1 to 200 ppm. The response magnitude of the PPy@W₁₈O₄₉ sensor can be affected seriously by temperature fluctuation, even in room temperature range (15–30 °C), and meanwhile, a temperature-dependent p-n response characteristic reversal is observed for the heteronanorods sensor. At much low room temperature of 15 °C, the present PPy@W₁₈O₄₉ nanorods show quick and sensitive response to NH₃ gas mainly due to the ultrathin, uniform PPy shell and the special heterojunction effect between p-type PPy and n-type W₁₈O₄₉. The underlying gas-sensing mechanism is analyzed.     

水喷雾灭火系统在电信枢纽工程燃气锅炉房的应用

分析了燃气锅炉的火灾危险性和水喷雾用于燃气锅炉消防的灭火机理,提出了水喷雾灭火系统的设计参数的选择、系统的控制方法以及在设计中可能涉及到的问题和注意事项,并结合工程实例进行了探讨。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of SnO2 nanocorals,nanofragments and nanograss and their formaldehyde gas-sensing properties

Morphology plays an important role in the properties of nanomaterials. We successfully synthesized three new SnO₂ morphologies, nanocorals, nanofragments and nanograss, via a simple hydrothermal method with surfactant additives. The final products were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. We found that the surfactants played a critical role in the synthesis of different SnO₂ nanostructures. In particular, when poly(ethylene glycol) was added as a surfactant, a unique grass-like structure was obtained. The mechanism of formation for this novel structure is discussed. The gas-sensing performance of all the products was investigated. The results show that the nanograss morphology had a superior gas response to formaldehyde than the other morphologies.