单元工程质量评定监理实践 ——山东省山洪灾害防治县级非工程措施建设项目监测预警系统

结合山洪灾害防治县级非工程措施建设项目监理实践,对监测预警系统单元工程质量评定指标体系的构建进行了介绍,以便对监测预警系统实施质量评定工作提供具有可操作性的标准依据。     

地下水取水工程二元管理结构浅析

目前,我国开发利用地下水结构不合理,大量的地下水资源用于农业灌溉,使得地下水资源未发挥出其特性。同时,超采地下水引起的地质环境问题愈演愈烈。地下水取水工程整体管理水平和能力与其客观要求仍有相当距离。二元制地下水取水工程管理制度可以为制定科学的管理手段及法规条例提供定量化的数据和技术支撑。     

甘肃省水资源监控能力建设初探

水资源监控能力建设是提高水资源动态管理的有效方式,为水资源高效配置和合理利用提供技术支撑。针对甘肃省水功能区监管能力薄弱、水资源监测信息滞后、农村饮水安全水质监测能力不足等水资源监控方面存在的问题,提出基于节水型社会建设、农村饮水安全、水权制度和水资源信息系统的水资源监控能力建设思路,从而为区域水资源规划、管理和配置乃至经济社会发展提供科学的决策依据。     

水文测区监测模式探讨

为提高水环境的监测水平,形成科学的用水体系,河北省水文局全面实施"全方位,大水文"战略,引入水文测区监测理念,探索巡测模式,拓宽水文工作领域。在分析水文测区的划分及其意义的基础上,从巡测基地建设、巡测队伍建设、站网建设、监测设备等方面对水文测区监测模式进行了深入探讨。详细介绍了雨量监测站、蒸发监测站、流量监测站、水环境监测站、旱情监测站、地下水监测站的特点和布设要求,为发展以水文测区巡测为主的监测模式提供借鉴。     

基于RFID的煤矿安全监控系统设计与实现

针对煤矿的恶劣环境对安全监控系统所提出的要求,结合ARM及RFID技术,提出一种基于RFID的煤矿安全监控方案。设计的RFID系统主要以TI公司16位单片机MSP430F2122为标签微控制器,以CYRF6936为射频前端核心芯片,以MH-440甲烷传感器作为数据采集模块,监控分站(读卡器)以ARM9为主控制器。详细介绍了数据采集节点以及监控分站的硬件原理和软件设计思想,给出了硬件原理图及软件设计流程。经测试证明该系统具备良好的性能,适于井下使用。     

基于嵌入式及ZigBee技术的居室环境监测系统

设计了一套智能家居环境监测系统。系统通过ZigBee终端节点采集居室传感器数据信息,在居室内部建立ZigBee无线网络,并将传感器信息由ZigBee协调器模块传给系统的嵌入式家庭网关,由家庭网关对所接收的数据协议处理后,进行数据融合和模糊处理,最后将其转化成日常生活语言式的直观信息,显示到QT界面系统中。该网关也可以通过无线网络给各个终端节点发送指令信息或Internet网络与外部进行信息的沟通。系统具有手持可移动的特点,不仅可以随意增减节点数,也可将采集节点随意放置,应用于超市或者其他环境中。     

Microcontroller-based process monitoring and management using embedded Petri-nets

This paper presents a methodology enabling the deployment and utilisation of a microcontroller based process monitoring system. This approach utilises the results of research into the embedding of Petri-net functions within microcontroller based architectures. This research is presented here through its application to the design, development and deployment of a process monitoring system into a laboratory based hydro-forming press test rig. The paper illustrates how this approach can provide real time online process information and demonstrates how the microcontroller-based architecture can be used to identify the cause and effects of process faults. The paper further considers how results are captured and processed, and how the management information that they enable can be displayed using a web page based architecture.     

Estimation of energy expenditure in a work environment: Comparison of accelerometry and oxygen consumption/heart rate regression

The aim of this study was to compare estimation of energy expenditure (EE) in working environments, either from accelerometry or from an individual oxygen consumption/heart rate ([Vdot]O₂/HR) regression curve. The study participants were 46 volunteer workers aged 27±6 years old. A significant correlation between EE predicted by the [Vdot]O₂/HR curve and the accelerometer was observed (r=0.78, p <0.01). However, more disparities were observed between the two methods when the mean job intensity was not within 16% and 23% higher than resting HR. The accelerometer overestimated by a mean of 34.4% the prediction by [Vdot]O₂/HR regression if the intensity of the task was lower than a total of 1000 kcal/shift and underestimated the prediction by a mean of –24.9% if EE estimation of the work shift was higher than a total of 1500 kcal/shift. Despite a high correlation between both methods in the whole group, EE evaluated by accelerometry does not correspond to EE predicted by the [Vdot]O₂/HR regression curves when evaluated individually.     

A mobility constraint model to infer sensor behaviour in forest fire risk monitoring

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play an important role in forest fire risk monitoring. Various applications are in operation. However, the use of mobile sensors in forest risk monitoring remains largely unexplored. Our research contributes to fill this gap by designing a model which abstracts mobility constraints within different types of contexts for the inference of mobile sensor behaviour. This behaviour is focused on achieving a suitable spatial coverage of the WSN when monitoring forest fire risk. The proposed mobility constraint model makes use of a Bayesian network approach and consists of three components: (1) a context typology describing different contexts in which a WSN monitors a dynamic phenomenon; (2) a context graph encoding probabilistic dependencies among variables of interest; and (3) contextual rules encoding expert knowledge and application requirements needed for the inference of sensor behaviour. As an illustration, the model is used to simulate the behaviour of a mobile WSN to obtain a suitable spatial coverage in low and high fire risk scenarios. It is shown that the implemented Bayesian network within the mobility constraint model can successfully infer behaviour such as sleeping sensors, moving sensors, or deploying more sensors to enhance spatial coverage. Furthermore, the mobility constraint model contributes towards mobile sensing in which the mobile sensor behaviour is driven by constraints on the state of the phenomenon and the sensing system.     

自主湖水环境监测船的运动控制系统设计

设计自主湖水环境监测船的运动控制系统,包括由GPS和电子罗盘构成的导航系统、超声传感器避障系统、太阳能和蓄电池配合的自主能源供给系统。采用超声、红外传感器和机械卡环设计自动泊位装置。基于坐标系变换,建立自主船的运动学模型。针对双电机的转速控制,设计实现三层递阶控制器及滑膜变结构转速控制算法。实验结果表明,滑膜控制能较好地排除水流速度的突变干扰,差动转向平稳,自主船可实现自动泊位和能源自给,运动控制系统稳定,速度响应小于4 s,大角度转向响应小于13 s。