影像组学在肺癌中的应用研究进展

影像组学是从医学图像中提取大量的定量影像学特征,通过捕获整个肿瘤位置、范围、形态等和从3D图像中提取影像信息,旨在从临床影像学数据中提取肿瘤表型信息.已有大量研究表明,影像组学在肺癌的诊断和治疗中具有较大优势,影像组学已经发展成为辅助诊断、分析和预测肺癌转移的工具,现就影像组学在肺癌中的应用研究进展进行综述.     

立体适形放疗与常规放疗对老年非小细胞肺癌的疗效比较

比较立体适形放疗与常规放疗对老年非小细胞肺癌的疗效,结果表明:立体适形放疗的治疗效果更有优势。     

Synthetic single crystal diamond dosimeters for Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy applications

A synthetic single crystal diamond Schottky diode, in a p-type/intrinsic/metal structure, deposited by Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) and operating in photovoltaic regime, with no external bias voltage applied, was tested as a dosimeter for Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) applications. The device response was compared with dose measurements from two commercial ionization chambers and a 2D diode array in an IMRT prostate cancer treatment plan. The obtained results indicate that CVD synthetic single crystal diamond-based dosimeters can successfully be used for highly conformed radiotherapy and IMRT dosimetry, due to their small size and high sensitivity per unit volume.     

外源性p53基因增强卵巢癌细胞对化疗和放疗的敏感性

目的 探讨外源性p53基因转染对人卵巢癌细胞系的化疗、放疗敏感性的影响。方法 用分子克隆技术构建人野生型 p53基因与真核细胞表达载体 pcDNA3的重组体（pcDNA-p53）,并用脂质体介导的转染技术,将其导入不表达p53的卵巢癌SKOV-3细胞中,经 G418筛选,Northern blot及Western blot鉴定后,观察p53基因转染对顺铂或X线放射作用的SKOV-3细胞的集落形成的影响。结果 成功地构建了人野生型p53基因与真核细胞表达载体的重组体。外源性 p53基因在转染细胞中有效表达,增强了顺铂或X线放射对 SKOV-3细胞集落形成的抑制作用。结论 外源性p53基因能增强卵巢癌细胞对顺铂或放射的敏感性,p53基因治疗与化疗或放疗联合作用能更大程度地杀灭肿瘤细胞。     

89SrCl2治疗转移性骨肿瘤疼痛的初步临床观察

为了解8 9SrCl2 治疗转移性骨肿瘤的应用价值和不良反应 ,根据89SrCl2 治疗适应征 ,2 5例恶性肿瘤骨转移患者采用静脉注射89SrCl2 1.4 8— 2 .2 2MBq kg(体重 ) ,治疗后每 2周测定白细胞、血小板计数和血生化肝、肾功能指标 ,连续 8— 12周。随访观察患者骨痛的缓解情况和不良反应 ,并进行评判。结果表明 ,2 5例中显效 4例 ,有效 14例 ,无效 7例。前列腺癌、乳癌骨痛缓解疗效较高(分别为 4 4和 6 8) ,总有效率为 72 % ( 18 2 5)。重复治疗仍有疗效 ( 6 6)。疼痛缓解起始时间为2— 14d ,缓解持续时间达 12— 36周。有轻度骨髓抑制反应 ,血液学毒性小于Ⅱ级 ,肝、肾功能血生化指标无明显变化 ,未见出血、胃肠道不适、过敏等不良反应。少数患者 ( 5 2 5)有骨痛闪烁现象。无效可能与多种因素有关。实验结果说明 ,89SrCl2 治疗转移性骨肿瘤对缓解患者的骨痛症状和改善生活质量不失为一种有效、安全的手段 ,值得临床推广应用     

~(89)Sr治疗转移性骨肿瘤骨痛的临床应用

用8 9Sr治疗转移性骨癌 80例以评价镇痛疗效 ,毒副作用和使用剂量。在 17例血像资料完整的病例中 ,7例剂量为 1.11— 1.4 8MBq kg的白细胞和血小板计数治疗前后未见显著差异 ,10例剂量为 1.4 8— 2 .2 2MBq kg的血象治疗过程中有轻度改变 ,低谷时平均下降 14.1%和 2 4 .1%。89Sr治疗后 ,2 5 80例 ( 31.2 5% )疼痛消失 ( 4级 ) ;34 80例 ( 4 2 .5% )疼痛显著减轻 ( 3级 ) ;13 80例 ( 16.2 5% )疼痛轻度减轻 ( 2级 ) ;8 80例 ( 10 .0 % )疼痛无变甚至加剧 ( 1级 )。89Sr最佳冶疗剂量范围为 1.11— 1.4 8MBq kg。     

Plastic scintillator investigations for relative dosimetry in proton-therapy

Plastic organic scintillators, polyvinyltoluene based, can be used with high sensitivity to detect 1–60 MeV proton beams. Thin scintillators can be applied to proton-therapy field as relative dosimeter thanks to their water-equivalent nature, high energy–light conversion efficiency, low dimensions and good proportionality to the absorbed dose at low stopping powers. Unfortunately, the quenching effect limits the use of the scintillators at high stopping powers. Moreover, they show a negligible radiation damage at the typical proton doses used in radiotherapy. Preliminary results have been obtained detecting in air both 60 MeV therapeutically proton beam at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI, Villigen-Zurich) and 24 MeV proton beam, at the Laboratorio Nazionale del Sud (LNS, Catania).     

New technique for effective dose estimation using Monte Carlo simulation for the patients undergoing radioiodine therapy

We presume that radioiodine capsule, used for therapy, stays in stomach for 15 min before the absorption starts when large amount of radioactivity needlessly expose a part of stomach and several surrounding organs. Investigations were performed at Institute of Pathophysiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia. Eighty-seven patients were reviewed, age between 21 and 73. Patients were divided in 20 groups receiving average dose per group from 1813 MBq to 6105 MBq. We used Monte Carlo MCNP 4b code and gave the results only for administrated activity of 6105 MBq. Calculated results are given for imparted energy per transformation, dose equivalent and effective doses for different organs. The effective doses were between 9.17 nSv (for bone surface) to 122.4 mSv (for stomach). As the total dose is estimated to be 126.73 mSv it is obvious that the highest part is received by stomach.     

YY0831.1-2011行业标准中焦点标称剂量率 要求的制定解析

头部多源γ射束立体定向放射治疗系统是结构较为复杂,风险比较高的大型医疗设备.本文分析了YY0831.1-2011标准中的一个重点条款"焦点剂量率"标准条款的内容,并对起草过程中对本条款考虑的问题进行了分析和总结,文章最后对这一要求制定的过程作了总结.